Table 5.
Medicinal plants used to treat six most frequent diseases in Ambalabe rural community, Madagascar
| Family | Scientific name | Local name | Diseases treated | Part used | Preparation | Administration | Number of citations | FL | Voucher |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anacardiaceae | Sorindeia madagascariensis DC. | Voasirindrina | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 27 | RA 1334 |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 9 | ||||
| Annonaceae | Annona muricata L. | Voatsokina, goronoa | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | CR 4242 |
| Aphloiaceae | Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. | Fandramanana | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 17 | RA 1335 |
| Apiaceae | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Talapetraka | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RNH 545 |
| Apocynaceae | Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don | Arivotaombelona | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 7 | 100 | RKN 503, 504 |
| Petchia erythrocarpa (Vatke) Leeuwenb. | Hintona | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 6 | 33 | RKN 453 | |
| Bark | Infusion | Oral | |||||||
| Arecaceae | Cocos nucifera L. | Coco | Diarrhea | Leaves | Infusion | Oral | 1 | 50 | Gunn 643 |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. | Rafia | Diarrhea | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 100 | ||
| Asteraceae | Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. | Ramitsiry | Stomach-ache | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 100 | AP 4968 |
| Elephantopus scaber L. | Angadoha | Diarrhea | Leaves | Crush and heat | Oral | 1 | 14 | ||
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 2 | 29 | ||||
| Emilia citrina DC. | Tsihontsihona | Malaria | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 22 | RKN 448 | |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 22 | ||||
| Helianthus annuus L. | Tanatanamasoandro | Malaria | Leaves | Infusion, decoction | Oral | 3 | 38 | ||
| Helichrysum flagellare Baker | Ahidroranga | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 11 | RKN 548 | |
| Psiadia altissima (DC.) Drake | Dingadingana | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 8 | FRB 194 | |
| Burseraceae | Canarium L. | Ramy | Diarrhea | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 100 | RZA 1186 |
| Clusiaceae | Garcinia chapelieri (Planch. & Triana) H. Perrier | Takasina | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RKN 473 |
| Symphonia fasciculata (Noronha ex Thouars) Vesque | Kijy | Diarrhea | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RAB 66 | |
| Combretaceae | Combretum Loefl. | Vahinaletra | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RA 1323 |
| Connaraceae | Cnestis polyphylla Lam. | Sefana | Diarrhea | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RKN 511 |
| Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe prolifera (Bowie ex Hook.) Raym.-Hamet | Sodifafana | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 31 | RKN 512 |
| Cough | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 7 | 54 | ||||
| Cucurbitaceae | Momordica charantia L. | Margôzy | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 67 | RZK 3096 |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 67 | ||||
| Cucurbitaceae | Unidentified | Voatangolehy | Bilharzia | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 1 | 100 | |
| Cunoniaceae | Weinmannia bojeriana Tul. | Sokia | Dysentery | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RZA 533 |
| Euphorbiaceae | Macaranga obovata Boivin ex Baill. | Mankaranana | Diarrhea | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 100 | RA 1051 |
| Manihot esculenta Crantz | Mangahazo | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 80 | ||
| Fabaceae | Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. | Fanombo tintina | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 5 | 83 | RKN 523 |
| Dalbergia monticola Bosser & R. Rabev. | Hitsika | Bilharzia | Wood-heart | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | Perrier 4830 | |
| . Desmodium ramosissimum G. Don | Tsilavondrivotra | Diarrhea | Leaves | Heat and | Oral | 3 | 60 | RKN 516 | |
| Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 20 | ||||
| Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle | Vahinkarabo | Diarrhea | Leaves, stem | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 13 | MAR 13 | |
| Senna alata (L.) Roxb. | 4 épingles | Bilharzia | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 100 | RKN 490 | |
| Gentianaceae | Exacum quinquenervium Griseb. | Mamoahely | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | ROR 842 |
| Ornichia madagascariensis (Baker) Klack. | Aferotaniala | Malaria | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RKN 496 | |
| Gleicheniaceae | Sticherus flagellaris (Bory ex Willd.) Ching | Rangontohitra | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RZK 6632 |
| Hypericaceae | Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. | Harongana | Diarrhea | Bark, leaves | Decoction | Oral | 6 | 27 | RA 1325 |
| Lamiaceae | Plectranthus perrieri Hedge | Amparimaso | Diarrhea | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 1 | 100 | Descoings 3703 |
| Lygodiaceae | Lygodium lanceolatum Desv. | Famalotrakanga | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 17 | RKN 446 |
| Melastomataceae | Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don | Sompatra | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 22 | RKN 513 |
| Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Inhalation, oral | 1 | 6 | ||||
| Stomach-ache | Roots | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 6 | ||||
| Dichaetanthera oblongifolia Baker | Tsitrotroka | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | RA 1339 | |
| Meliaceae | Melia azedarach L. | Voandelaka | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 11 | RKN 447 |
| Molluginaceae | Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. | Aferotany | Malaria | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | 19 | 66 | RKN 485 |
| Stomach-ache | Whole plant | Infusion | Oral | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Moraceae | Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. | Ampalibe | Diarrhea | Leaves | Crush | Oral | 4 | 100 | LRZ 1838 |
| Ficus polita Vahl | Mandresy | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 7 | RKN 449 | |
| Ficus reflexa Thunb. | Nonoka madinika | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 25 | RKN 455 | |
| Streblus dimepate (Bureau) C.C. Berg | Manasavelona | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 17 | RKN 552 | |
| Musaceae | Musa paradisiaca L. | Akondro | Diarrhea | Fruit | Paste | Oral | 3 | 100 | |
| Inflorescence | Decoction | Oral | |||||||
| Resin | Oral | ||||||||
| Dysentery | Inflorescence | Heat and press | Oral | 1 | 33 | ||||
| Myristicaceae | Mauloutchia humblotii (H. Perrier) Capuron | Ilon-draharaha | Cough | Seeds | Oil | Topical | 1 | 20 | RA 972 |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. | Kininina | Malaria | Young leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | |
| Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Psidium cattleyanum Sabine | Gavo tsinahy | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 100 | Gentry 11251 | |
| Psidium guajava L. | Gavo, gavombazaha, gavobe | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 6 | 35 | RCS 456 | |
| Dysentery | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 6 | ||||
| Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry | Makoba | Diarrhea | Roots | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | D'Arcy 15233 | |
| Orchidaceae | Aerangis hyaloides (Rchb. f.) Schltr. | Tsiakondroakondro | Cough | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 1 | 100 | AP 7155 |
| Oxalidaceae | Oxalis corniculata L. | Takasintany | Cough | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 100 | AP 5034 |
| Whole plant | Heat and press | Oral | |||||||
| Pandanaceae | Pandanus sp. Parkinson | Manasa ala | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora edulis Sims | Garana madinika | Diarrhea | Leaves | Crush and press | Oral | 2 | 50 | RKN 456 |
| Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. | Mandrihariva | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 33 | RKN 542 |
| Piperaceae | Piper borbonense (Miq.) C. DC. | Tsimahalatsaka, voantsiperifery | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 33 | RA 941 |
| Pittosporaceae | Pittosporum ochrosiifolium Bojer | Hazombary, maimbovitsika | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 50 | RA 1322 |
| Poaceae | Oryza sativa L. | Vary | Dysentery | Seeds | Cook and filter | Oral | 1 | 17 | |
| Zea mays L. | Tsakotsako | Stomach-ache | Stem | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | ||
| Primulaceae | Maesa lanceolata Forssk. | Radoka | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 100 | RKN 500 |
| Pteridaceae | Pteris cf. cretica L. | Ravimbolo | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 5 | RKN 458 |
| Pteridophyta | Unidentified | Ahitrimpa | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 100 | |
| Rhamnaceae | Gouania tiliifolia Lam. | Ranovavanaomby | Cough | Leaves | Crush | Oral | 1 | 6 | RKN 499 |
| Rosaceae | Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. | Pibasy | Cough | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 50 | Croat 32156 |
| Rubus moluccanus L. | Takoaka | Diarrhea | Leaves | Crush, decoction | Oral | 6 | 60 | REH 720 | |
| Dysentery | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 10 | ||||
| Rubus rosifolius Sm. | Voandroy | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 33 | PPL 6592 | |
| Rubiaceae | Breonia decaryana Homolle | Molompangady | Bilharzia | Bark and leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 20 | RZA 158 |
| Danais terminalis Boivin ex Drake | Vahinofokorana | Diarrhea | Roots | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 100 | RKN 680 | |
| Paederia thouarsiana Baill. | Vahivola, vahimantsina | Stomach-ache | Branch, leaves | Decoction | Oral | 10 | 77 | RA 1349 | |
| Rutaceae | Citrus aurantium L. | Voahangy ala | Stomach-ache | Young leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 33 | AP 5569 |
| Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. | Voahangitsoha | Cough | Fruit | Juice | Oral | 3 | 100 | ||
| Leaves | Decoction | Oral | |||||||
| Citrus reticulata Blanco | Mandarinina | Bilharzia | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | ||
| Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. | Anakasimba | Malaria | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | RA 1329 | |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 50 | ||||
| Sapindaceae | Litchi chinensis Sonn. | Letisia | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 8 | 67 | |
| Dysentery | Bark | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 17 | ||||
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 17 | ||||
| Sarcolaenaceae | Schizolaena Thouars | Kikazana | Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 67 | |
| Solanaceae | Capsicum annuum L. | Pilopilo | Stomach-ache | Fruit | Crush | Oral | 1 | 33 | ALJ 1183 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Voatabia | Diarrhea | Leaves | Heat and press | Oral | 1 | 100 | ||
| Solanum mauritianum Scop. | Bakobako | Diarrhea | Leaves | Crush and press | Oral | 2 | 40 | Schlieben 8097 | |
| Strelitziaceae | Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. | Fontsy | Stomach-ache | Young leaves | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 67 | CR 5205 |
| Verbenaceae | Lantana camara L. | Radriaka | Diarrhea | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 7 | GES 1601 |
| Stomach-ache | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | 3 | 21 | ||||
| Zingiberaceae | Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum. | Lingoza | Cough | Fruit | Decoction | Oral | 1 | 25 | GES 1624 |
| Curcuma longa L. | Tamotamo | Stomach-ache | Tuber | Decoction | Oral | 2 | 40 | Geay 8277 | |
| Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. | Sakarivondambo | Bilharzia | Tuber | Decoction | Oral | 4 | 40 | RKN 443 |