Fig. 2.

Ventilator-delivered pressure and EAdi during triggered NAVA and continuous NAVA for all rounds, during all six conditions. Panel a Ventilator pressure (Pvent) values (Y axis) (peak Pvent = solid symbols; mean expiratory Pvent = open symbols) are plotted for the six conditions (X axis) for tNAVA (blue) and cNAVA (orange). Despite similar peak pressure, cNAVA consistently delivered higher mean expiratory pressure, and hence, lower inspiratory (delta Pvent) assist compared to tNAVA. (Note: during tNAVA, PEEP is manually set to zero as described in the Protocol section). Panel b Diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) (Y axis) (peak EAdi = solid symbols; mean expiratory EAdi = open symbols) are plotted for the six conditions (X axis) for tNAVA (blue) and cNAVA (orange). For both Panels A and B, values plotted are the mean of the last minute of each run. Only non-significance between modes is indicated (NS) for a given condition. INV-RES¹ = Invasive ventilation with added resistive load; INV-CO₂ = Invasive ventilation with CO₂ blended in to air supply/medical air; INV-ALI = invasive ventilation with acute lung injury; NIV-RES² = Non-invasive ventilation with added resistive load; NIV-CO₂ = Non-invasive ventilation with CO₂ blended in to air supply/medical air; NIV-ALI = Non-invasive ventilation after acute lung injury; NS = No significant difference tNAVA compared with cNAVA within the same condition