Table 1.
Multi-axial rotation of the 1st MC joint during weight-bearing comditions
| Around X-axis (°) | Around Y-axis (°) | Around Z-axis (°) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pf (+) | df (−) | Mean(SD) | pro (+) | Sup (−) | Mean (SD) | Inr (+) | Exr (−) | Mean (SD) | |
| 1st metatarsal | |||||||||
| Healthy feet | 0 | 20 | −1.56 (0.94)* | 20 | 0 | 3.03 (1.51) | 20 | 0 | 1.50 (0.53) |
| HV feet | 0 | 20 | −3.13 (1.29)* | 20 | 0 | 3.55 (1.97) | 20 | 0 | 2.28 (2.06) |
| Medial cuneiform | |||||||||
| Healthy feet | 4 | 16 | −0.38 (0.69) | 20 | 0 | 4.00 (1.69)* | 18 | 2 | 0.54 (0.79)* |
| HV feet | 8 | 12 | −0.22 (1.49) | 20 | 0 | 5.72 (2.04)* | 8 | 12 | −0.37 (1.01)* |
| 1st MC joint | |||||||||
| Healthy feet | 0 | 20 | −1.18 (0.47)* | 2 | 18 | −0.98 (0.81)* | 20 | 0 | 0.96 (0.57)* |
| HV feet | 0 | 20 | −2.91 (1.71)* | 3 | 17 | −2.17 (2.28)* | 20 | 0 | 2.65 (2.22)* |
pf plantar flexion, df dorsiflexion, pro pronation, sup supination, inr internal rotation, exr external rotation, HV hallux valgus, MC metatarsal-cuneiform
*Significant difference between two groups (P value <0.05)