Table 3.
Distribution of neighbourhood and individual variables and estimated unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for number of risk behaviors groups at baseline (N = 1057)
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ORa | 95 % CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Neighbourhood-level variables | ||||||||
| Neighbourhood social capital | ||||||||
| Low social capital (1st tertile) | 121 (31.9) | 153 (28.4) | 35 (30.2) | 7 (30.4) | 316 (29.9) | 1.31 | 0.99;1.73 | 0.058 |
| Moderate social capital (2nd tertile) | 112 (29.6) | 198 (36.7) | 40 (34.5) | 10 (43.5) | 360 (34.1) | 1.02 | 0.77;1.37 | 0.870 |
| High social capital (3rd tertile) | 146 (38.5) | 188 (34.9) | 41 (35.3) | 6 (26.1) | 381 (36.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| Social class | ||||||||
| Low social class (1st tertile) | 123 (32.5) | 150 (27.8) | 36 (31.0) | 5 (21.7) | 314 (29.7) | 1.22 | 0.92;1.61 | 0.170 |
| Moderate social class (2nd tertile) | 114 (30.1) | 188 (34.9) | 39 (33.6) | 12 (52.2) | 353 (33.4) | 0.94 | 0.70;1.25 | 0.651 |
| High social class (3rd tertile) | 142 (37.5) | 201 (37.3) | 41 (35.3) | 6 (26.1) | 390 (36.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Individual -level variables | ||||||||
| Individual social capital | ||||||||
| Social networks | ||||||||
| Relatives | ||||||||
| 0–1 relatives | 212 (55.9) | 340 (63.1) | 79 (68.1) | 15 (65.2) | 646 (61.1) | 1.39 | 1.10;1.77 | 0.007 |
| 2 or more relatives | 167 (44.1) | 199 (36.9) | 37 (31.9) | 8 (34.8) | 411 (38.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Friends | ||||||||
| 0–1 friends | 268 (70.7) | 409 (75.9) | 88 (75.9) | 18 (78.3) | 783 (74.1) | 1.27 | 0.97;1.65 | 0.080 |
| 2 or more friends | 111 (29.3) | 130 (24.1) | 28 (24.1) | 5 (21.7 | 274 (21.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
| Social support (per 10 points) | 70.72 (14.06) | 67.28 (15.95) | 65.63 (16.65) | 62.43 (18.46) | 67.95 (15.80) | 0.82 | 0.76;0.89 | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic variables | ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married, living with partner | 277 (73.1) | 384 (71.3) | 76 (65.5) | 13 (56.6) | 750 (71.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| Has a partner, not living with him | 85 (22.4) | 129 (23.9) | 29 (25.0) | 5 (21.7) | 248 (23.4) | 1.13 | 0.86;1.50 | 0.372 |
| Single without partner | 17 (4.5) | 26 (4.8) | 11 (9.5) | 5 (21.7) | 59 (5.6) | 2.01 | 1.20;3.37 | 0.008 |
| Number of children | ||||||||
| 1 child | 178 (47.0) | 250 (46.4) | 55 (47.4) | 10 (43.5) | 493 (46.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| 2 children | 126 (33.2) | 152 (28.2) | 30 (25.9) | 10 (43.5) | 318 (30.1) | 0.88 | 0.67;1.16 | 0.384 |
| 3 or more children | 75 (19.8) | 137 (25.4) | 31 (26.7) | 3 (13.0) | 246 (23.3) | 1.20 | 0.90;1.62 | 0.218 |
| Years of schooling | ||||||||
| 0–4 years | 45 (11.9) | 79 (14.7) | 24 (20.7) | 3 (13.0) | 151 (14.3) | 1.88 | 1.312.70 | <0.001 |
| 5–8 years | 147 (38.8) | 248 (46.0) | 61 (52.6) | 13 (56.5) | 469 (44.4) | 1.70 | 1.32;2.20 | <0.001 |
| 9 years or more | 187 (49.3) | 212 (39.3) | 31 (26.7) | 7 (30.4) | 437 (41.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Family incomeb | ||||||||
| 0–1 BMW | 94 (24.8) | 178 (33.0) | 37 (31.9) | 5 (21.7) | 314 (29.7) | 1.31 | 1.01;1.69 | 0.039 |
| More than 1 BMW | 285 (75.2) | 361 (67.0) | 79 (78.1) | 18 (78.3) | 743 (70.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Occupational context | ||||||||
| No paid work | 199 (52.5) | 333 (61.8) | 85 (73.3) | 14 (60.9) | 631 (59.7) | 1.63 | 1.28;2.07 | <0.001 |
| Paid work | 180 (47.5) | 206 (38.2) | 31 (26.7) | 9 (39.1) | 426 (40.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 13–19 | 66 (17.4) | 121 (22.4) | 27 (23.3) | 6 (26.1) | 220 (20.8) | 1.50 | 1.04;2.16 | 0.029 |
| 20–30 | 229 (60.4) | 311 (57.7) | 71 (61.2) | 13 (56.5) | 624 (59.0) | 1.17 | 0.87;1.58 | 0.302 |
| More than 30 | 84 (22.2) | 107 (19.9) | 18 (15.5) | 4 (17.4) | 213 (20.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 148 (39.1) | 171 (31.7) | 36 (31.0) | 8 (34.8) | 363 (34.3) | 1 | ||
| Brown | 152 (40.1) | 234 (43.4) | 56 (48.3) | 8 (37.8) | 450 (42.6) | 1.30 | 1.00;1.70 | 0.052 |
| Black | 79 (20.8) | 134 (24.9) | 24 (20.7) | 7 (30.4) | 244 (23.1) | 1.32 | 0.97;1.80 | 0.083 |
aOR were estimated using ordered multinomial cumulative logit model. The reference group was ‘No behavioral risk factor’. The coefficients estimated indicated the likelihood of moving into a higher category of the number of risk of behaviors
b1 Brazilian Minimal Wage (BMW) = US$ 178.00 in 2008