Table 5.
Multilevel ordered multinomial regression of the effect of neighbourhood social capital on number of risk factors at baseline (N = 1057) and follow-up (N = 1046), controlling for individual factors
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2b | Model 3b | Model 4b | Model 1b | Model 2a | Model 3b | Model 4b | |
| ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | ORa (95 % CI) | |
| Neighbourhood-level variables | ||||||||
| Neighbourhood social capital | ||||||||
| Low social capital (1st tertile) | 1.33 (1.01;1.77) | 1.26 (0.96;1.67) | 1.32 (0.99;1.75) | 1.25 (0.91;1.72) | 1.21 (0.89;1.64) | 1.19 (0.88;1.61) | 1.21 (0.89;1.64) | 1.35 (0.97;1.90) |
| Moderate social capital (2nd tertile) | 1.07 (0.79;1.44) | 1.03 (0.77;1.38) | 1.05 (0.78;1.40) | 1.00 (0.73;1.36) | 0.98 (0.71;1.35) | 0.99 (0.72;1.36) | 1.02 (0.74;1.41) | 1.18 (0.86;1.62) |
| Social class | ||||||||
| Low social class (1st tertile) | 1.17 (0.88;1.55) | 1.45 (1.05;2.01) | 1.57 (1.16;2.12) | 1.55 (1.15;2.10) | 1.51 (1.11;2.07) | |||
| Moderate social class (2nd tertile) | 0.89 (0.66;1.20) | 1.21 (0.89;1.64) | 1.41 (1.03;1.94) | 1.42 (1.03;1.97) | 1.36 (0.97;1.90) | |||
| Individual-level variables | ||||||||
| Individual Social Capital | ||||||||
| Social support (per 10 points) | 0.84 (0.77;0.90) | 0.84 (0.78;0.91) | 0.84 (0.77;0.90) | 0.89 (0.82;0.96) | 0.90 (0.84;0.98) | 0.89 (0.82;0.96) | ||
| Social network | ||||||||
| 0–1 relatives | 1.29 (0.97;1.60) | 1.26 (0.98;1.63) | ||||||
| Social network | ||||||||
| 0–1 friends | 1.11 (0.84;1.46) | |||||||
| Socioeconomic variables | ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Has a partner, not living with him | 1.19 (0.90;1.58) | 1.12 (0.84;1.51) | 1.21 (0.89;1.66) | 1.11 (0.81;1.51) | ||||
| Single without partner | 1.95 (1.16;3.28) | 1.87 (1.11;3.13) | 2.28 (1.36;3.83) | 2.30 (1.36;3.86) | ||||
| Family income | ||||||||
| < 1 BMWc | 0.94 (0.72;1.23) | 1.27 (0.96;1.67) | ||||||
| Years of schooling | ||||||||
| 0–4 years | 1.76 (1.22;2.55) | 1.85 (1.26;2.71) | 1.80 (1.20;2.70) | 2.16 (1.50;3.18) | ||||
| 5–8 years | 1.64 (1.27;2.13) | 1.64 (1.26;2.13) | 1.68 (1.27;2.22) | 1.81 (1.37;2.39) | ||||
| Number of children | ||||||||
| 2 children | 1.06 (0.78;1.44) | |||||||
| 3 or more children | 1.22 (0.86;1.72) | |||||||
| Occupational context | ||||||||
| Without paid work | 1.49 (1.16;1.91) | 1.43 (1.11;1.83) | 1.18 (0.91;1.53) | |||||
| Demographic variables | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 13–19 | 1.40 (0.94;2.10) | 1.59 (1.05;2.41) | ||||||
| 20–30 | 1.28 (0.94;1.76) | 1.45 (1.04;2.03) | ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Brown | 1.18 (0.90;1.55) | 1.47 (1.10;1.97) | ||||||
| Black | 1.24 (0.90;1.71) | 1.66 (1.19;2.33) | ||||||
Reference categories are in Table 3
aOR were estimated using ordered multinomial cumulative logit model. The reference group was ‘Risk factors = 0’. The coefficients estimated indicated the likelihood of moving into a higher category of number of risk behaviors
bVariables adjusted for all other variables in the model
c1 Brazilian Minimal Wage (BMW) = US$ 178.00 in 2008