Fig. 6.

Components of anti-oxidative systems involved in tumor development. Cancer cells are characterized by high levels of ROS (H₂O₂). To prevent cell damage and cell death cancer cells induce the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Despite high H₂O₂ levels cancer cells maintain the capacity to promote cell survival, differentiation and proliferation by undergoing metabolic adaption processes thereby relying on the redox regulation of cancer-related redox sensors.