Table 3. OLS Panel Regressions. Determinants of Publications, Citations, and Average Citations per Publication, by University Type.
| Full sample | Private | Public | not Research l | Research l | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A-Dependent Variable: Number of Publications | |||||
| L.Federally Funded R&D | 0.00609*** | 0.00652*** | 0.00611*** | 0.00404* | 0.00523*** |
| (0.00125) | (0.00173) | (0.00171) | (0.00172) | (0.00131) | |
| L.Non-Federally Funded R&D | 0.00669*** | 0.00293 | 0.00775*** | 0.00294 | 0.00536** |
| (0.00177) | (0.00347) | (0.00198) | (0.00177) | (0.00201) | |
| L.Full Time Faculty | -0.213 | -0.156 | -0.282 | 0.0659 | -0.228 |
| (0.227) | (0.418) | (0.308) | (0.203) | (0.341) | |
| Year Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 47.10*** | 41.06 | 51.43*** | 17.41* | 82.24*** |
| (11.86) | (23.75) | (14.50) | (7.789) | (18.25) | |
| Observations | 2933 | 940 | 1993 | 1256 | 1677 |
| sigma_e | 43.34 | 44.79 | 42.60 | 23.50 | 47.27 |
| sigma_u | 93.78 | 89.93 | 95.36 | 39.37 | 94.30 |
| rho | 0.824 | 0.801 | 0.834 | 0.737 | 0.799 |
| r2_w | 0.619 | 0.578 | 0.642 | 0.572 | 0.710 |
| r2_b | 0.751 | 0.799 | 0.718 | 0.605 | 0.675 |
| r2_o | 0.576 | 0.602 | 0.569 | 0.430 | 0.539 |
| Panel B-Dependent Variable: Number of Citations | |||||
| L.Federally Funded R&D | 0.0645*** | 0.0527 | 0.0749*** | 0.0343* | 0.0566** |
| (0.0177) | (0.0338) | (0.0201) | (0.0131) | (0.0202) | |
| L.Non-Federally Funded R&D | 0.0693** | 0.0578 | 0.0760** | 0.0289* | 0.0607* |
| (0.0240) | (0.0434) | (0.0273) | (0.0125) | (0.0284) | |
| L.Full Time Faculty | -1.263 | -2.391 | -0.853 | 0.272 | -0.427 |
| (3.233) | (4.238) | (4.615) | (2.039) | (4.865) | |
| Year Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 63.54 | 233.0 | -29.95 | -4.730 | 226.9 |
| (155.0) | (327.6) | (190.4) | (71.68) | (251.6) | |
| Observations | 2933 | 940 | 1993 | 1256 | 1677 |
| sigma_e | 578.0 | 647.1 | 540.6 | 235.7 | 664.5 |
| sigma_u | 940.2 | 1252.2 | 733.1 | 284.4 | 1049.0 |
| rho | 0.726 | 0.789 | 0.648 | 0.593 | 0.714 |
| r2_w | 0.484 | 0.428 | 0.525 | 0.477 | 0.583 |
| r2_b | 0.615 | 0.632 | 0.673 | 0.466 | 0.478 |
| r2_o | 0.498 | 0.426 | 0.575 | 0.401 | 0.452 |
| Panel C-Dependent Variable: Average Number of Citations per Publication | |||||
| L.Federally Funded R&D | 0.0000568 | -0.0000453 | 0.000113** | 0.000218* | 0.0000349 |
| (0.0000414) | (0.0000805) | (0.0000428) | (0.0000821) | (0.0000429) | |
| L.Non-Federally Funded R&D | 0.0000606 | 0.0000684 | 0.0000329 | -0.00000232 | 0.000102 |
| (0.0000476) | (0.0000958) | (0.0000492) | (0.0000577) | (0.0000598) | |
| L.Full Time Faculty | -0.00178 | -0.0287* | 0.0134 | 0.0184 | -0.0124 |
| (0.0119) | (0.0112) | (0.0114) | (0.0133) | (0.0115) | |
| Year Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 6.929*** | 9.662*** | 5.588*** | 4.355*** | 8.741*** |
| (0.477) | (0.836) | (0.516) | (0.475) | (0.631) | |
| Observations | 2933 | 940 | 1993 | 1256 | 1677 |
| sigma_e | 2.168 | 2.620 | 1.906 | 2.396 | 1.953 |
| sigma_u | 2.956 | 3.950 | 2.052 | 2.269 | 2.732 |
| rho | 0.650 | 0.694 | 0.537 | 0.473 | 0.662 |
| r2_w | 0.241 | 0.167 | 0.317 | 0.269 | 0.245 |
| r2_b | 0.188 | 0.226 | 0.383 | 0.130 | 0.00450 |
| r2_o | 0.154 | 0.00721 | 0.311 | 0.200 | 0.0968 |
Standard errors in parentheses.
* p<0.05,
** p<0.01,
*** p<0.001.