. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Disabil Health J. 2015 May 11;8(4):535–546. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.04.006

Table 2. Persons aged 18-65 with and without chronic conditions and disabilities: Overlap with high end healthcare users, differences in sociodemographics, and patterns of healthcare service use, access and cost, pooled annual estimates, MEPS 2006-2008.

	No chronic conditions	One or more chronic conditions	No disability (a)	Non- ADL/IADL disability (b)	ADL/IADL disability (c)

N	25,891	27,695	44,133	7,190	2,263
Population size, millions	85.98	98.70	153.65	24.29	6.75

Sociodemographics
Age, mean	36.57 (.13)	45.45 (.14) ^*	40.03 (.12) ^b ^c	47.71 (.24) ^a	47.45 (.40) ^a
Gender, female	44.94% (.40)	55.82% (.35) ^*	49.91% (.26) ^b ^c	53.94% (.73) ^a ^c	58.62% (1.48) ^a ^b
Race/Ethnicity
NH white	59.96% (.88)	72.57% (.69) ^*	65.93% (.76) ^b	71.64% (.92) ^a ^c	66.45% (1.53) ^b
NH Black	12.62% (.54)	11.22% (.48) ^*	11.41% (.47) ^b ^c	13.25% (.67) ^a ^c	17.37% (1.20) ^a ^b
Hispanic	19.21% (.78)	10.47% (.45) ^*	15.57% (.60) ^b ^c	9.32% (.59) ^a	9.86% (.82) ^a
Other/multiple	8.21% (.43)	5.75% (.33) ^*	7.10% (.36) ^b	5.78% (.42) ^a	6.33% (.77)
Poverty: <=125% of FPL	27.82% (.53)	24.54% (.49) ^*	23.08% (.43) ^b ^c	37.29% (.82) ^a ^c	53.49% (1.52) ^a ^b
Less than high school educ.	15.42% (.44)	11.62% (.31) ^*	12.37% (.34) ^b ^c	16.36% (.61) ^a ^c	25.95% (1.26) ^a ^b

Health status
Overall health fair or poor	8.58% (.27)	29.12% (.45) ^*	12.07% (.25) ^b ^c	51.52% (.93) ^a ^c	75.22% (1.36) ^a ^b
Mental health fair or poor	4.74% (.20)	18.30% (.37) ^*	6.79% (.19) ^b ^c	32.28% (.80) ^a ^c	57.68% (1.47) ^a ^b

Insurance and access to care
Insured all year	62.43% (.91)	77.26% (.42) ^*	70.11% (.47) ^c	69.49% (.74) ^c	79.05% (1.10) ^a ^b
Any private	92.69% (.38)	87.72% (.39) ^*	94.30% (.25) ^b ^c	75.27% (.92) ^a ^c	44.21% (1.79) ^a ^b
Public only	7.31% (.38)	12.28% (.39) ^*	5.70% (.25) ^b ^c	24.73% (.92) ^a ^c	55.79% (1.79) ^a ^b
Uninsured part year	13.38% (.30)	10.91% (.26) ^*	12.02% (.23) ^c	12.92% (.51) ^c	9.98% (.69) ^a ^b
Uninsured all year	24.19% (.55)	11.83% (.30) ^*	17.88% (.39) ^c	17.59% (.64) ^c	10.97% (.84)^a ^b
Medical care delayed or not received	3.64% (.18)	8.62% (.26) ^*	4.46% (.16) ^b ^c	14.75% (.60) ^a ^c	17.89% (1.00) ^a ^b
RX delayed or not received	1.29% (.09)	6.99% (.23) ^*	2.69% (.12) ^b ^c	11.57% (.48) ^a ^c	15.77% (.90) ^a ^b

Services Used
Primary care doctor, mean	.38 (.01)	1.51 (.02) ^*	.78 (.01) ^b ^c	1.81 (.05) ^a ^c	2.64 (.11) ^a ^b
Specialty doctor, mean	.83 (.02)	3.21 (.05) ^*	1.56 (.03) ^b ^c	4.18 (.13) ^a ^c	7.09 (.31) ^a ^b
RX fills, mean	1.44 (.03)	17.25 (.23) ^*	6.48 (.11) ^b ^c	22.48 (.50) ^a ^c	42.21 (1.32) ^a ^b
Therapies, PT, OT or ST	3.91% (.18)	9.59% (.25) ^*	5.37% (.16) ^b ^c	13.66% (.53) ^a ^c	18.60% (1.15) ^a ^b
Mental Health	.61% (.08)	6.55% (.23) ^*	2.50% (.12) ^b ^c	8.43% (.44) ^a ^c	16.14% (1.15) ^a ^b
ED visits, mean	.10 (.00)	.24 (.01) ^*	.13 (.00) ^b ^c	.35 (.01) ^a ^c	.63 (.03) ^a ^b
Days hospitalized, mean	.14 (.01)	.52 (.02) ^*	.18 (.01) ^b ^c	.63 (.04) ^a ^c	2.92 (.23) ^a ^b
Home health	.20% (.03)	2.05% (.11) ^*	.29% (.03) ^b ^c	1.88% (.17) ^a ^c	19.17% (1.21) ^a ^b
Total number of services used, mean	1.02 (.01)	2.49 (.01) ^*	1.61 (.01) ^b ^c	2.60 (.02) ^a ^c	3.44 (.05) ^a ^b

Expenditures for care
annual medical expenditures, mean, median	$1,017 (42), $62 (4)	$5,167 (103), ^* $1,704 (30) ^*	$2,148 (52), ^b ^c $394 (11) ^b ^c	$6,654 (216), ^a ^c $2,442 (86) ^a ^c	$15,673 (763) ^a ^b $7,015 (389) ^a ^b
OOP medical expenditures, mean, median	$168 (5), $4 (<1)	$783 (14), ^* $341 (7) ^*	$394 (8), ^b ^c $84 (3) ^b ^c	$914 (27), ^a ^c $398 (16) ^a ^c	$1,322 (61), ^a ^b $519 (34) ^a ^b

Overlap with elevated and high utilization groups
Elevated utilization	8.83% (.25)	48.15% (.43) ^*	23.06% (.33)^b ^c	58.73% (.81)^a ^c	80.19% (1.20)^a ^b
Elevated expenditures	6.58% (.19)	30.19% (.39) ^*	14.05% (.24) ^b ^c	39.09% (.79) ^a ^c	64.72% (1.36) ^a ^b
High utilization	2.35% (.13)	21.72% (.36) ^*	7.60% (.21) ^b ^c	32.47% (.80) ^a ^c	57.57% (1.44) ^a ^b
High expenditures	2.20% (.11)	12.47% (.27) ^*	4.61% (.14) ^b ^c	18.23% (.61) ^a ^c	39.81% (1.36) ^a ^b

Notes: All numbers presented in parentheses are standard errors of the given estimate. Statistical significance was determined with pairwise t-tests and the results are noted with the following superscripted labels

differs significantly from the estimate for persons without chronic conditions.

differs from the estimate for persons without disabilities.

differs from the estimate for persons with non-adl/iadl disabilities.

differs from the estimate for persons with adl/iadl disability. Significance was determined at the p<.05 level after controlling the false discovery rate.