Table 1.

Sample Demographics.

	Total (n = 400)	Deaf (n = 200)	Hearing (n = 200)	Chi-square p-value
Age (mean and range in years)		45.25 (18–84)	44.9 (18–92)	0.182
18 – 39 years	38.75% (155)	37.50% (75)	40.00% (80)
40 – 59 years	44.50% (178)	48.50% (97)	40.50% (81)
60 + years	16.75% (67)	14.00% (28)	19.50% (39)
Gender				0.961
Female	51.50% (206)	51.50% (103)	51.50% (103)
Male	48.50% (194)	48.50% (97)	48.50% (97)
Race				0.195
White	82.86% (290)	86.86% (152)	78.86% (138)
Black	9.43% (33)	8.00% (14)	10.86% (19)
Asian	4.57% (16)	3.43% (6)	5.71% (10)
Other/Mixed	3.14% (11)	1.71% (3)	4.57% (8)
Ethnicity				0.134
Non-Hispanic	95.42% (333)	97.11% (168)	93.75% (165)
Hispanic	4.58% (16)	2.89% (5)	6.25% (11)
Race/Ethnicity				0.070
Non-Hispanic White	81.09% (283)	85.55% (148)	76.70% (135)
Non-Hispanic Black	9.17% (32)	8.09% (14)	10.23% (18)
Hispanic/Other/Mixed	9.74% (34)	6.36% (11)	13.07% (23)
Smoking Status				0.001
Current	16.61% (48)	9.63% (13)	22.73% (35)
Prior	24.22% (70)	20.00% (57)	27.92% (43)
Never	59.17% (171)	70.37% (95)	49.35% (76)
Education				0.155
College degree or above	14.08% (29)	11.11% (10)	16.38% (19)
Some college	54.85% (113)	51.11% (46)	57.76% (67)
High school or less	31.07% (64)	37.78% (34)	25.86% (30)
Insurance				< 0.001*
None	1.50% (6)	1.00% (2)	2.00% (4)
Medicare	7.25% (29)	12.00% (24)	3.00% (6)
Medicaid	16.25% (65)	26.00% (52)	6.00% (12)
Private	75.00% (300)	61.00% (122)	89.00% (178)
Emergency Department Use In Past 36 Months				<0.001
None	67.50% (270)	59.00% (118)	76.00% (152)
Once or more	32.50% (130)	41.00% (82)	24.00% (48)

^*Fisher’s exact test. Column percentages reported for deaf and hearing.