Figure 2.
Disease sequelae of inflammation leading to osteopenia. The number in the pink middle area of 250 mmol represents the accessible amount of calcium provided from the bone (27). Abbreviations: CID-anemia; inflammation-related anemia of chronic inflammatory diseases; HPG axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; HPA axis; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; HPS axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-somatic axis (growth hormone, IGF-1); IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; PSNS, parasympathetic nervous system; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related peptide; RES, reticuloendothelial system; SNS, sympathetic nervous system.
