Table 4.
Logistic regression results for perceived discrimination.‡
| Poor treatment due to… | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| Any reason | Race, language, culture |
Insurance status | Difference of opinion about care |
|||||
|
|
||||||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Race and SES | ||||||||
| Race/ethnicity (Ref=White, non-Hispanic) | ||||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.32 | (0.81, 2.14) | 2.99 | (1.56, 5.74) | 1.36 | (0.75, 2.47) | 1.08 | (0.65, 1.79) |
| Hispanic | 0.97 | (0.66, 1.42) | 2.25 | (1.32, 3.81) | 1.24 | (0.77, 1.97) | 0.93 | (0.61, 1.40) |
| Education (Ref=High school or less) | ||||||||
| Some college/Associate's degree | 1.11 | (0.76, 1.63) | 0.63 | (0.38, 1.06) | 0.71 | (0.45, 1.13) | 1.42 | (0.94, 2.14) |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 1.21 | (0.78, 1.90) | 1.17 | (0.66, 2.06) | 0.79 | (0.46, 1.36) | 1.18 | (0.73, 1.90) |
| Primary source of payment for maternity care (Ref=Private) |
||||||||
| Public | 1.31 | (0.92, 1.88) | 1.21 | (0.74, 1.96) | 1.66 | (1.05, 2.62) | 1.22 | (0.83, 1.79) |
| Uninsured | 2.18 | (1.13, 4.22) | 2.88 | (1.34, 6.20) | 3.33 | (1.56, 7.08) | 1.45 | (0.74, 2.85) |
| Maternal health conditions | ||||||||
| Pre-pregnancy hypertension | 1.70 | (1.05, 2.75) | 2.41 | (1.38, 4.22) | 2.11 | (1.15, 3.84) | 1.72 | (1.01, 2.95) |
| Diabetes | 2.38 | (1.66, 3.42) | 3.25 | (2.09, 5.04) | 3.02 | (1.99, 4.57) | 2.47 | (1.70, 3.58) |
| Obese pre-pregnancy | 0.73 | (0.48, 1.12) | 0.63 | (0.35, 1.13) | 0.60 | (0.35, 1.03) | 0.76 | (0.48, 1.20) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.02) | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.07) | 1.01 | (0.96, 1.06) | 1.00 | (0.97, 1.04) |
| Married | 0.80 | (0.55, 1.16) | 0.78 | (0.48, 1.28) | 1.10 | (0.68, 1.78) | 0.80 | (0.54, 1.18) |
| First time mother | 1.18 | (0.84, 1.67) | 1.85 | (1.16, 2.96) | 1.48 | (0.96, 2.30) | 1.60 | (1.11, 2.31) |
| Communication in prenatal care | ||||||||
| Reluctance to ask questions (Ref=low) | ||||||||
| Moderate | 3.37 | (2.28, 5.00) | 4.13 | (2.30, 7.43) | 4.17 | (2.37, 7.33) | 2.95 | (1.93, 4.52) |
| High | 6.42 | (4.16, 9.90) | 9.48 | (5.15, 17.46) | 7.82 | (4.36, 14.03) | 7.15 | (4.52, 11.3) |
| Barriers to open discussion (Ref=low) | ||||||||
| Moderate | 1.38 | (0.91, 2.10) | 1.19 | (0.66, 2.16) | 1.21 | (0.70, 2.09) | 1.73 | (1.11, 2.69) |
| High | 2.11 | (1.29, 3.44) | 1.73 | (0.82, 3.65) | 2.10 | (1.11, 3.97) | 2.22 | (1.33, 3.72) |
‡
Models control for prenatal provider type (OB or other), continuity of care in prenatal care, use of pain medications, labor induction, and cesarean delivery.
Boldface type indicates p<.05.