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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Neurol. 2015 Sep 1;72(9):1029–1042. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1285

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics and Baseline Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkersa

APOE ε4 Noncarriers (n = 108)
APOE ε4 Carriers (n = 61)
Variable Early (n = 26) Mid (n = 44) Late (n = 38) Early (n = 19) Mid (n = 17) Late (n = 25)
Baseline age, mean (SD), y 50.1 (3.0) 59.4 (2.9)b 69.9 (3.5)b,c 49.6 (2.9) 59.3 (3.1)b 69.4 (3.6)b,c

Female, No. (%) 17 (65) 32 (73) 22 (58) 14 (74) 11 (65) 16 (64)

Positive family history, No. (%) 12 (46) 22 (50) 15 (39) 15 (79)d 13 (76) 17 (68)d

APOE genotype, No.

 ε2/ε2 0 1 1 0 0 0

 ε2/ε3 3 8 6 0 0 0

 ε3/ε3 23 35 31 0 0 0

 ε2/ε4 0 0 0 2 2 2

 ε3/ε4 0 0 0 14 12 20

 ε4/ε4 0 0 0 3 3 3

Education, mean (SD), y 16.1 (2.10) 16.9 (2.27) 15.6 (2.64)c 15.8 (1.95) 15.4 (3.45)d 16.3 (2.23)

Baseline MMSE score, mean (SD)e 29.5 (0.65) 29.3 (1.10) 28.8 (1.22)b 29.8 (0.38) 28.9 (1.52)b 28.9 (1.39)b

Received ≥1 CDR >0 at follow-up, No.f 0 1 4 1 3 5

Participants with 2/3/4 serial LPs, No. 12/13/1 21/19/4 25/13/0 11/8/0 12/5/0 18/7/0

LP interval, mean (SD), mo 3.3 (0.76) 3.3 (0.91) 3.1 (0.77) 3.3 (0.73) 3.6 (1.4) 3.2 (0.77)

Baseline biomarkers, mean (IQR)

 Improved INNOTEST ELISA

  Aβ40, pg/mL 12 657 (10 461–14 480) 14 319 (12 185–16 371) 15 382 (12 417–17 906)b 14 555 (12 984–16 638) 13 103 (10 629–15 838) 14 343 (12 199–16 748)

  Aβ42, pg/mL 1293 (1046–1525) 1340 (1132–1544) 1270 (1021–1608) 1306 (1193–1498) 937 (671–1116)b,d 970 (733–1225)b,d

  Aβ42 to Aβ40 ratio 0.1052 (0.0900–0.1225) 0.0972 (0.0800–0.1100) 0.0871 (0.0700–0.1000)b,c 0.0924 (0.0800–0.1000) 0.0719 (0.0600–0.0850)b,d 0.0709 (0.0550–0.0900)b,d

  Total tau, pg/mL 202.3 (146.0–243.2) 259.0 (182.6–278.7) 324.3 (205.2–389.3)b,c 257.7 (194.4–314.6) 298.0 (210.2–391.6) 321.4 (198.6–413.2)

  P-tau181, pg/mL 39.8 (27.7–50.3) 51.2 (37.2–55.4) 58.8 (41.7–68.5)b 47.7 (38.5–55.4) 54.4 (37.9–67.8) 55.4 (38.2–69.8)

  Total tau to Aβ42 ratio 0.1541 (0.1200–0.1725) 0.1908 (0.1400–0.2200) 0.3054 (0.1500–0.3100)b,c 0.1986 (0.1600–0.2300) 0.4207 (0.1900–0.4550)b,d 0.3816 (0.2150–0.5200)b

 EUROIMMUN ELISA

  Aβ40, pg/mL 4857 (3525–6101) 5408 (4305–6220) 5569 (4347–6224) 5535 (4816–6433) 5266 (3966–7043) 5257 (4119–5942)

  Aβ42, pg/mL 616.1 (438.1–683.1) 616.1 (495.9–741.8) 590.1 (459.4–701.1) 676.0 (462.3–797.6) 449.5 (349.9–564.3)b,d 487.5 (365.3–601.8)b,d

  Total tau, pg/mL 254.7 (194.4–304.8) 310.3 (230.3–344.6) 362.5 (255.6–430.3)b,c 299.1 (234.1–351.6) 380.5 (313.6–469.6)d 395.8 (274.1–487.4)b

  Total tau to Aβ42 ratio 0.4050 (0.3341–0.4851) 0.5022 (0.3900–0.5192) 0.7023 (0.4065–0.6874)b,c 0.4563 (0.3675–0.5390) 1.073 (0.4680–1.1100)b,d 0.9342 (0.5383–1.2250)b,d

 VILIP-1, pg/mL 140.8 (102.3–169.8) 154.4 (116.7–166.4) 179.8 (133.6–218.9)b,c 155.6 (128.8–175.4) 153.2 (105.4–193.8) 154.7 (117.0–180.2)

 YKL-40, ng/mL 180.3 (124.2–220.3) 231.3 (192.3–259.7)b 301.1 (221.7–368.2)b,c 188.4 (135.3–238.7) 240.6 (165.5–297.9)b 281.5 (201.8–353.8)b

Abbreviations: Aβ, β-amyloid; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IQR, interquartile range; LP, lumbar puncture; MMSE,Mini-Mental State Examination; P-tau181, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; VILIP-1; visinin-like protein 1; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like protein 1.

a

Age groups indicate the ages within middle age: early, ages 45 to 54 years; mid, ages 55 to 64 years; and late, ages 65 to 74 years.

b

Significantly different from early within the same APOE ε4 group (P < .05).

c

Significantly different from mid within the same APOE ε4 group (P < .05).

d

Significantly different from the same age group of the other APOE ε4 group (P < .05).

e

The MMSE scores can range from 0 to 30, with 30 as a perfect score.

f

A CDR of 0 indicates cognitively normal; a CDR higher than 0, cognitively abnormal.