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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2015 Aug 31;84:174–180. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.008

Table 2.

Association of phenol urinary biomarker concentrations (ln-µg/L) with age at first breast or first pubic hair development (stage 2), BCERP cohort 2004–2011

AGE AT B2 adjusted for ln-creatinine further adjusted for race/ethnicity & caregiver
education
biomarker HR (95% CI) P_value N HR (95% CI) P_value N P-
interaction
BMI
benzophenone-3 0.93 ( 0.90 – 0.96 ) <.0001 1169 0.95 ( 0.92 – 0.98 ) 0.001 1141 0.034
enterolactone 0.95 ( 0.91 – 1.00 ) 0.055 1147 0.94 ( 0.90 – 0.99 ) 0.032 1119 0.338
Bisphenol A 1.00 ( 0.93 – 1.08 ) 0.960 1169 0.99 ( 0.91 – 1.06 ) 0.709 1141 0.869
Paraben Sum 1.06 ( 1.01 – 1.11 ) 0.012 1079 1.01 ( 0.96 – 1.06 ) 0.668 1051 0.209
2,5-dichlorophenol 1.07 ( 1.04 – 1.11 ) <.0001 1169 1.05 ( 1.01 – 1.09 ) 0.008 1141 0.017
Triclosan 1.06 ( 1.02 – 1.10 ) 0.005 1157 1.05 ( 1.01 – 1.09 ) 0.013 1129 0.240
Genistein 0.98 ( 0.94 – 1.02 ) 0.279 1147 1.00 ( 0.96 – 1.04 ) 0.989 1119 0.582
Daidzein 0.99 ( 0.95 – 1.03 ) 0.599 1147 1.01 ( 0.97 – 1.04 ) 0.740 1119 0.790
AGE AT PH2 adjusted for ln-creatinine further adjusted for race/ethnicity & caregiver
education
biomarker HR (95% CI) P_value N P_value N
benzophenone-3 0.96 ( 0.93 – 0.99 ) 0.005 1164 1.00 ( 0.97 – 1.03 ) 0.972 1136 0.562
enterolactone 0.95 ( 0.91 – 1.00 ) 0.064 1143 0.93 ( 0.88 – 0.98 ) 0.011 1115 0.303
Bisphenol A 1.03 ( 0.96 – 1.11 ) 0.416 1164 1.02 ( 0.95 – 1.10 ) 0.564 1136 0.624
Paraben Sum 1.10 ( 1.05 – 1.15 ) <.0001 1074 1.02 ( 0.97 – 1.07 ) 0.388 1046 0.997
2,5-DCP 1.09 ( 1.05 – 1.12 ) <.0001 1164 1.05 ( 1.01 – 1.09 ) 0.013 1136 0.704
Triclosan 1.01 ( 0.98 – 1.06 ) 0.464 1153 1.01 ( 0.97 – 1.05 ) 0.771 1125 0.666
Genistein 0.97 ( 0.94 – 1.01 ) 0.156 1143 1.00 ( 0.97 – 1.04 ) 0.845 1115 0.821
Daidzein 0.98 ( 0.94 – 1.02 ) 0.228 1143 0.99 ( 0.96 – 1.03 ) 0.785 1115 0.979

Estimates are derived from Cox proportional hazards models, with age at stage 2 as outcome and urinary phenol as the exposure (ln-ug/L). Adjusted models excluded 28 observations with missing caregiver education. PH staging was missing on 5 girls, 4 with phytoestrogens. Interaction models include a term for biomarker concentration × median BMI-% (<, ≥ 71%)) and are adjusted for ln-creatinine, race/ethnicity and caregiver education. Paraben sum is the molar sum of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-parabens, expressed as propylparaben.