Table 3.
Comparison of creatinine-adjusteda geometric mean (95% CI) urinary phthalate concentrations (μg/g) to concentrations in NHANES.
| Phthalate metabolite | Total | Males | Females | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Current study | NHANES | Current study | NHANES | Current study | NHANES | |||||||
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| GM | (95% CI) | GM | (95% CI) | GM | (95% CI) | GM | (95% CI) | GM | (95% CI) | GM | (95% CI) | |
| Sample 1b | (N=97) | (N=2782) | (N=48) | (N=1371) | (N=49) | (N=1411) | ||||||
| MBP | 126 | (109, 146) | 17.8 | (16.7-19.0) | 105 | (85.9, 128) | 14.4 | (13.5-15.4) | 151 | (123, 186) | 21.7 | (19.6-23.9) |
| MiBP | 59.2 | (51.1, 68.5) | 2.54 | (2.36-2.73) | 56.6 | (48.0, 66.8) | 2.22 | (2.09-2.35) | 61.8 | (48.3, 79.1) | 2.88 | (2.61-3.18) |
| MEP | 17.0 | (12.2, 23.6) | 110 | (99.3-122) | 9.98 | (6.74, 14.8) | 97.6 | (85.8-111) | 28.5 | (17.3, 47.0) | 123 | (110-139) |
| MBzP | 0.802 | (0.635, 1.01) | 10.2 | (9.50-10.9) | 0.566 | (0.417, 0.769) | 9.13 | (8.18-10.2) | 1.13 | (0.808, 1.57) | 11.3 | (10.2-12.4) |
| MCNP | c | 2.66 | (2.43-2.91) | c | 2.53 | (2.28-2.82) | c | 2.79 | (2.47-3.15) | |||
| MCOP | 0.336 | (0.264, 0.428) | 5.26 | (4.54-6.10) | 0.444 | (0.297, 0.663) | 5.01 | (4.21-5.97) | c | 5.51 | (4.75-6.39) | |
| MCPP | 1.12 | (0.926, 1.35) | 2.58 | (2.35-2.83) | 0.952 | (0.703, 1.29) | 2.35 | (2.17-2.56) | 1.31 | (1.04, 1.64) | 2.81 | (2.48-3.18) |
| MECPP | 30.8 | (25.7, 36.9) | 32.6 | (29.6-36.0) | 29.3 | (22.2, 38.8) | 29.8 | (26.8-33.1) | 32.3 | (25.4, 41.2) | 35.5 | (31.6-40.0) |
| MEHHP | 21.8 | (18.0, 26.6) | 18.8 | (17.0-20.7) | 21.0 | (15.4, 28.7) | 17.9 | (16.2-19.7) | 22.7 | (17.6, 29.2) | 19.7 | (17.3-22.4) |
| MEHP | 4.32 | (3.41, 5.46) | 4.00 | (3.58-4.48) | 4.24 | (2.96, 6.06) | 3.50 | (3.08-3.99) | 4.40 | (3.20, 6.05) | 4.54 | (4.02-5.13) |
| MEOHP | 13.4 | (11.1, 16.2) | 12.6 | (11.5-13.9) | 12.4 | (9.22, 16.7) | 11.8 | (10.7-13.0) | 14.5 | (11.3, 18.4) | 13.5 | (11.9-15.2) |
| Sample 3d | (N=100) | (N=2604) | (N=50) | (N=1294) | (N=50) | (N=1310) | ||||||
| MBP | 64.1 | (57.6, 71.2) | 19.0 | (17.7-20.5) | 65.6 | (55.8, 77.1) | 15.5 | (14.4-16.8) | 62.5 | (54.2, 72.2) | 23.1 | (21.0-25.5) |
| MiBP | 45.7 | (40.4, 51.7) | 7.21 | (6.76-7.70) | 50.5 | (41.9, 60.8) | 6.33 | (5.91-6.79) | 41.4 | (35.2, 48.6) | 8.18 | (7.46-8.96) |
| MEP | 14.5 | (11.0, 19.2) | 91.1 | (82.6-101) | 10.6 | (8.31, 13.5) | 78.1 | (68.5-89.1) | 20.0 | (12.2, 32.9) | 106 | (95.5-117) |
| MBzP | 0.447 | (0.363, 0.552) | 7.29 | (6.71-7.93) | 0.407 | (0.297, 0.558) | 6.57 | (5.91-7.31) | 0.491 | (0.369, 0.654) | 8.07 | (7.29-8.93) |
| MCNP | c | 2.44 | (2.25-2.65) | c | 2.32 | (2.11-2.55) | c | 2.57 | (2.33-2.83) | |||
| MCOP | 0.731 | (0.594, 0.901) | 6.85 | (6.05-7.75) | 0.715 | (0.514, 0.993) | 6.01 | (5.29-6.84) | 0.749 | (0.573, 0.978) | 7.76 | (6.84-8.81) |
| MCPP | 0.575 | (0.499, 0.662) | 2.79 | (2.63-2.96) | 0.617 | (0.508, 0.750) | 2.54 | (2.34-2.76) | 0.535 | (0.434, 0.660) | 3.04 | (2.84-3.25) |
| MECPP | 31.4 | (26.1, 37.8) | 33.6 | (29.7-38.0) | 30.8 | (23.6, 40.3) | 29.0 | (25.3-33.2) | 31.9 | (24.5, 41.7) | 38.7 | (34.5-43.3) |
| MEHHP | 22.1 | (18.3, 26.6) | 22.2 | (19.4-25.5) | 21.3 | (16.3, 27.8) | 19.6 | (16.8-22.7) | 22.9 | (17.6, 29.9) | 25.2 | (22.1-28.6) |
| MEHP | 3.42 | (2.74, 4.27) | 2.66 | (2.37-2.99) | 3.40 | (2.55, 4.54) | 2.33 | (2.03-2.68) | 3.44 | (2.43, 4.86) | 3.02 | (2.70-3.38) |
| MEOHP | 13.7 | (11.5, 16.4) | 12.3 | (10.7-14.0) | 13.0 | (10.1, 16.9) | 10.5 | (9.08-12.2) | 14.4 | (11.1, 18.5) | 14.2 | (12.5-16.0) |
Abbreviations: confidence interval (CI), geometric mean (GM), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP), mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), mono(3- carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP).
Samples with creatinine concentration ≤20 or ≥275 mg/dL were excluded.
First samples were collected during 2003-2004 for men and 1998-2002 for women. These are compared to NHANES 2001-2002 except for MECPP (NHANES 2003-2004; N total: 2605, N male: 1250, N female: 1355), MCNP, and MCOP (NHANES 2005-2006; N total: 2548, N male: 1270, N female: 1278).
GM not calculated (>50% of samples below the limit of detection).
Third urine samples were collected during 2006-2007. These are compared to NHANES 2007-2008.