Table 4.
Average classification accuracy (%) using fivefold cross validation five times from DDSM database
| Fold no. | Our method | SVM | GA-SVM | PSO-SVM | Decision tree | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All features | Shape features | Shape-texture | All features | All features | All features | All features | |
| Fold 1 | 88.89 | 63.89 | 69.44 | 72.22 | 86.11 | 86.11 | 88.89 |
| Fold 2 | 95.74 | 63.83 | 80.85 | 80.85 | 87.23 | 87.36 | 97.87 |
| Fold 3 | 94.44 | 66.67 | 75.00 | 77.78 | 77.78 | 77.78 | 97.22 |
| Fold 4 | 93.33 | 66.67 | 76.67 | 76.67 | 93.33 | 93.33 | 90.00 |
| Fold 5 | 92.16 | 66.67 | 72.55 | 74.51 | 84.35 | 84.31 | 88.24 |
| Accuracy 1 | 92.91 | 65.55 | 75.85 | 76.41 | 85.36 | 86.18 | 92.44 |
| Fold 1 | 94.74 | 60.53 | 78.95 | 84.21 | 92.11 | 92.11 | 92.11 |
| Fold 2 | 97.44 | 61.54 | 71.80 | 71.80 | 74.36 | 76.92 | 94.87 |
| Fold 3 | 90.07 | 65.12 | 72.09 | 74.42 | 81.40 | 83.72 | 90.07 |
| Fold 4 | 97.56 | 53.65 | 75.61 | 75.61 | 85.36 | 87.80 | 92.68 |
| Fold 5 | 92.31 | 71.80 | 76.92 | 76.92 | 74.36 | 87.18 | 89.74 |
| Accuracy 2 | 94.42 | 62.53 | 75.07 | 76.59 | 81.52 | 85.55 | 91.89 |
| Fold 1 | 90.91 | 72.73 | 81.82 | 84.85 | 87.88 | 87.88 | 87.88 |
| Fold 2 | 92.50 | 65.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 87.50 | 87.5 | 92.50 |
| Fold 3 | 92.68 | 53.66 | 68.29 | 68.29 | 75.61 | 73.17 | 87.80 |
| Fold 4 | 91.43 | 62.86 | 74.29 | 74.29 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 91.43 |
| Fold 5 | 96.08 | 60.78 | 70.59 | 72.55 | 84.31 | 90.20 | 84.31 |
| Accuracy 3 | 92.72 | 63.02 | 75.00 | 76.00 | 83.06 | 83.75 | 88.78 |
| Fold 1 | 97.73 | 75.00 | 81.82 | 86.36 | 86.36 | 86.36 | 95.45 |
| Fold 2 | 95.35 | 51.16 | 65.12 | 67.44 | 79.07 | 83.72 | 90.70 |
| Fold 3 | 91.67 | 61.11 | 72.22 | 72.22 | 86.11 | 86.11 | 88.89 |
| Fold 4 | 86.49 | 62.16 | 75.68 | 72.97 | 86.49 | 86.49 | 81.08 |
| Fold 5 | 95.00 | 65.00 | 77.50 | 80.00 | 77.50 | 85.00 | 92.50 |
| Accuracy 4 | 93.25 | 62.89 | 74.47 | 75.80 | 83.11 | 85.57 | 89.72 |
| Fold 1 | 91.43 | 65.71 | 82.86 | 82.86 | 92.48 | 94.28 | 88.57 |
| Fold 2 | 93.48 | 71.74 | 84.78 | 84.78 | 80.43 | 80.43 | 91.30 |
| Fold 3 | 95.56 | 62.22 | 68.89 | 71.11 | 82.22 | 86.67 | 97.78 |
| Fold 4 | 90.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 67.50 | 72.50 | 75.00 | 85.00 |
| Fold 5 | 94.12 | 55.89 | 64.70 | 64.70 | 82.35 | 82.35 | 88.24 |
| Accuracy 5 | 92.92 | 65.11 | 74.25 | 74.69 | 82.36 | 83.75 | 90.19 |
| Ave-acc | 93.24 | 63.82 | 74.93 | 75.90 | 83.08 | 84.96 | 90.60 |
Bold font number indicates the best performance in each line
SVM support vector machine, GA-SVM genetic algorithm support vector machine, PSO-SVM particle swarm optimization support vector machine
Italics font data indicates the average accuracy of every fold