Table 1.
Characteristics of the cases and controls
| Characteristic | Controls | Cases | OR (95 % CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | ||
| Age at diagnosis, in yearsa | |||||
| <50 | 31 | 8.3 | 5 | 7.0 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| ≥50 - <60 | 72 | 19.3 | 22 | 31.0 | 1.89 (0.68-6.05) |
| ≥60 - <80 | 241 | 64.6 | 40 | 56.3 | 1.03 (0.40-3.14) |
| ≥80 | 29 | 7.8 | 4 | 5.7 | 0.86 (0.19-3.71) |
| Ethnicitya | |||||
| Not Hispanic | 362 | 97.1 | 67 | 94.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Hispanic | 11 | 2.9 | 4 | 5.6 | 1.96 (0.53-6.16) |
| Racea | |||||
| White | 345 | 92.7 | 55 | 78.6 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Black/otherb | 27 | 7.3 | 15 | 21.4 | 3.49 (1.74-6.96) |
| Rankc | |||||
| Officer | 9 | 2.4 | 1 | 1.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Enlisted | 364 | 97.6 | 70 | 98.6 | 1.73 (0.28-38.78) |
| Served in Vietnamc | |||||
| No | 288 | 77.2 | 40 | 56.3 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 85 | 22.8 | 31 | 43.7 | 2.62 (1.54-4.45) |
| Alcoholismd | |||||
| No | 251 | 77.7 | 49 | 74.2 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 72 | 22.3 | 17 | 25.8 | 1.21 (0.64-2.21) |
| Thyroid disorderd | |||||
| No | 295 | 91.3 | 63 | 95.5 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 28 | 8.7 | 3 | 4.5 | 0.50 (0.12-1.55) |
| Endocrine/metabolic/immune diseased | |||||
| No | 90 | 27.9 | 8 | 12.1 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 233 | 72.1 | 58 | 87.9 | 2.79 (1.33-6.49) |
| Diabetesd | |||||
| No | 246 | 76.2 | 36 | 54.5 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 77 | 23.8 | 30 | 45.5 | 2.66 (1.53-4.60) |
| Obesityd | |||||
| No | 299 | 92.6 | 56 | 84.9 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 24 | 7.4 | 10 | 15.2 | 2.22 (0.97-4.84) |
| Cholelithiasisd | |||||
| No | 301 | 93.2 | 64 | 97.0 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 22 | 6.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 0.43 (0.07-1.62) |
| Diseases of the male genital organsd | |||||
| No | 235 | 72.8 | 48 | 72.7 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 88 | 27.2 | 18 | 27.3 | 1.00 (0.54-1.80) |
| Orchitis/epididymitisd | |||||
| No | 319 | 98.8 | 65 | 98.5 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 4 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.23 (0.05-9.94) |
| Gynecomastiad | |||||
| No | 321 | 99.4 | 57 | 86.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 2 | 0.6 | 9 | 13.6 | 25.01 (5.78-173.64) |
| Osteoporosisd | |||||
| No | 293 | 90.7 | 59 | 89.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 30 | 9.3 | 7 | 10.6 | 1.16 (0.45-2.68) |
| Fracturesd | |||||
| No | 302 | 93.5 | 57 | 86.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 21 | 6.5 | 9 | 13.6 | 2.27 (0.94-5.14) |
| Liver diseased | |||||
| No | 296 | 91.6 | 59 | 89.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 27 | 8.4 | 7 | 10.6 | 1.30 (0.55-3.04) |
| Non-alcoholic liver diseased | |||||
| No | 313 | 96.9 | 63 | 95.5 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 10 | 3.1 | 3 | 4.5 | 1.49 (0.32-5.30) |
| MOSe, possible EMFf exposurec | |||||
| No | 368 | 98.7 | 68 | 95.8 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 5 | 1.3 | 3 | 4.2 | 3.25 (0.76-13.91) |
| MOSe, possible solvent exposurec | |||||
| No | 274 | 73.5 | 50 | 70.4 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Yes | 99 | 26.5 | 21 | 29.6 | 1.16 (0.67-2.03) |
| Birth cohorta | |||||
| ≤1925 | 90 | 24.1 | 8 | 11.3 | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 1926-1935 | 121 | 32.4 | 16 | 22.5 | 1.49 (0.61-3.63) |
| 1936-1945 | 66 | 17.7 | 14 | 19.7 | 2.39 (0.95-6.02) |
| 1946-1950 | 60 | 16.1 | 21 | 29.6 | 3.94 (1.64-9.47) |
| ≥1950 | 36 | 9.7 | 12 | 16.9 | 3.75 (1.42-9.94) |
aobtained from VACCR; bincludes 2 controls who were “other” race; cobtained from NPRC; dobtained from PTF; eMilitary Occupational Specialty; fElectromagnetic fields