Table 3.
Crude and adjusted ORs for male breast cancer by exposure status
| Exposure | Controls | Cases | OR (95 % CI) | p-value | aORa (95 % CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # (%) | # (%) | |||||
| Ever stationed at Camp Lejeune | ||||||
| No | 248 (66.5) | 41 (57.7) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Yes | 125 (33.5) | 30 (42.3) | 1.45 (0.86-2.44) | 0.16 | 1.14 (0.65-1.97) | 0.65 |
| Cumulative PCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 357 (96.0) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- < 36 ppb-months) | 7 (1.9) | 2 (2.8) | 1.52 (0.21-7.00) | 0.59 | 1.05 (0.14-5.14) | 0.91 |
| High (≥36 ppb-months) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.19-5.91) | 0.69 | 1.20 (0.16-5.89) | 0.80 |
| Cumulative TCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 258 (69.4) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <159 ppb-months) | 57 (15.3) | 13 (18.3) | 1.28 (0.63-2.49) | 0.48 | 1.06 (0.50-2.13) | 0.86 |
| High (≥159 ppb-months) | 57 (15.3) | 12 (16.9) | 1.18 (0.57-2.34) | 0.63 | 0.93 (0.43-1.90) | 0.85 |
| Cumulative benzene | ||||||
| No exposure | 260 (69.9) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- < 3.6 ppb-months) | 57 (15.3) | 15 (21.1) | 1.49 (0.76-2.82) | 0.24 | 1.67 (0.82-3.30) | 0.15 |
| High (≥3.6 ppb-months) | 55 (14.8) | 10 (14.1) | 1.03 (0.47-2.18) | 0.92 | 0.57 (0.24-1.25) | 0.17 |
| Cumulative DCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 356 (95.7) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <472 ppb-months) | 8 (2.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0.67 (0.03-4.25) | 0.78 | 0.56 (0.02-3.83) | 0.67 |
| High (≥472 ppb-months) | 8 (2.2) | 3 (4.2) | 1.99 (0.42-7.47) | 0.34 | 1.50 (0.30-6.11) | 0.57 |
| Cumulative vinyl chloride | ||||||
| No exposure | 356 (95.7) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <60 ppb-months) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.19-5.89) | 0.69 | 0.94 (0.13-4.38) | 0.99 |
| High (≥60 ppb-months) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.19-5.89) | 0.69 | 1.19 (0.16-5.89) | 0.81 |
| Cumulative TVOCb | ||||||
| No exposure | 258 (84.9) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <168 ppb-months) | 57 (15.3) | 14 (19.7) | 1.38 (0.69-2.64) | 0.35 | 1.18 (0.57-2.33) | 0.64 |
| High (≥168 ppb-months) | 57 (15.3) | 11 (15.5) | 1.08 (0.51-2.18) | 0.81 | 0.82 (0.37-1.72) | 0.63 |
| Monthly average PCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 357 (96.0) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- < 2 ppb) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.19-5.90) | 0.69 | 0.91 (0.13-4.21) | 0.96 |
| High (≥2 ppb) | 7 (1.9) | 2 (2.8) | 1.52 (0.21-7.00) | 0.59 | 1.47 (0.18-7.91) | 0.65 |
| Monthly average TCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 258 (69.4) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <17.5 ppb) | 57 (15.3) | 8 (11.3) | 0.79 (0.33-1.71) | 0.58 | 1.02 (0.42-2.30) | 0.93 |
| High (≥17.5 ppb) | 57 (15.3) | 17 (23.9) | 1.67 (0.88-3.10) | 0.12 | 0.97 (0.47-1.94) | 0.94 |
| Monthly average benzene | ||||||
| No exposure | 260 (69.9) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- < 0.4 ppb) | 56 (15.1) | 9 (12.7) | 0.91 (0.40-1.92) | 0.83 | 1.23 (0.52-2.72) | 0.61 |
| High (≥0.4 ppb) | 56 (15.1) | 16 (22.5) | 1.61 (0.83-3.03) | 0.15 | 0.87 (0.42-1.78) | 0.72 |
| Monthly average DCE | ||||||
| No exposure | 356 (95.7) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- < 94 ppb) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.20-5.90) | 0.69 | 0.88 (0.12-4.01) | 0.92 |
| High (≥94 ppb) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.20-5.90) | 0.69 | 1.32 (0.17-6.77) | 0.73 |
| Monthly average vinyl chloride | ||||||
| No exposure | 356 (95.7) | 67 (94.4) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <3.4 ppb) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.20-5.90) | 0.69 | 0.94 (0.13-4.37) | 0.99 |
| High (≥3.4 ppb) | 8 (2.2) | 2 (2.8) | 1.33 (0.20-5.90) | 0.69 | 1.19 (0.16-5.89) | 0.81 |
| Monthly average TVOCb | ||||||
| No exposure | 258 (69.4) | 46 (64.8) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
| Low (>0- <18 ppb) | 58 (15.6) | 9 (12.7) | 0.87 (0.38-1.83) | 0.75 | 1.15 (0.49-2.51) | 0.72 |
| High (≥18 ppb) | 56 (15.1) | 16 (22.5) | 1.60 (0.83-3.01) | 0.16 | 0.89 (0.43-1.80) | 0.76 |
aadjusted for age at diagnosis, race, and service in Vietnam; bsum of the amount of exposure to PCE, TCE, benzene, DCE, and vinyl chloride