Table 1.
Energy demand of rice processing operations (Kapur et al. 1994)
| Operation | System/method | Energy demand, MJ/t | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raw | Parboiled | ||
| Millinga | Huller | 144.0 | 164 |
| Sheller | 108.0 | 123 | |
| Modern rice mill | 79.2 | 90 | |
| Parboilingb | Single steaming | – | 241 |
| Double steaming | – | 391 | |
| Open drum | – | 391 | |
| Hot soaking and steaming | – | 425 | |
| Pressure parboiling | – | 271 | |
| Dryingb | – | 827 | |
aDemand is for mechanical energy indicated in terms of electricity i.e. MJ/t
bDemand indicated is useful thermal energy demand in terms of MJ/t of paddy; in addition mechanical energy @ 28.8 and 86.4 MJ/t may be required for material handling during parboiling and drying operations respectively