Effects of DMAS on the MAPK signaling pathway. A549 cells were treated with DMAS at the indicated concentrations for the indicated times, and total cellular extracts were prepared and subjected to Western blot analysis to measure the levels of phosphorylated ERK (A), JNK (B), and p38 (C). The membranes were reprobed with antibodies against total ERK, JNK, and p38 for normalization.