. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2014 Aug 13;45(4):807–815. doi: 10.1017/S0033291714001883

Table 3.

Adjusted^* ORs (95% CIs) of depressive symptoms by blood cadmium levels in young adults (aged 20-39 years) in NHANES 2007-2010

	All Participants ^*	Non-smokers^*	Current Smokers^*
Cadmium
BCd Q1 (Below limit of detection 0.20 μg/L)	1.00	1.00	1.00
BCd Q2 (0.20 – 0.27 μg/L),	1.04 (0.58, 1.87)	1.28 (0.65, 2.55)	0.63 (0.27, 1.45)
BCd Q3 (0.28 – 0.54 μg/L),	1.11 (0.70, 1.76)	1.26 (0.71, 2.25)	1.02 (0.36, 2.94)
BCd Q4 (>0.54 μg/L)	2.79 (1.84, 4.25)	2.91 (1.12, 7.58)	2.69 (1.13, 6.42)
p trend	0.001	0.28	<0.001

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, PIR, obesity, alcohol intake, blood lead, and smoking status (defined as current smoker: self-report and LBXCOT>3.00 ng/mL; and non-smoker: Self-report Former and never smoker and lbxcot≥3ng/mL)