Table 4.
Association of Patient- and Dialysis Facility-level Factors With Referral for Kidney Transplantation in Georgia Within 1 Year of Starting Dialysis, and Waitlisting Within 1Year of Referral: 2005–2011
| Covariate | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Referral Within 1 Year of ESRD (n = 15 279) |
Waitlisting or Transplant Receipt Within 1 Year of Referral, Among Patients Referred Within 1 Year of ESRD (n = 4280) |
|
| Patient-Level Characteristics | ||
| Age, y | ||
| 18–29 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 30–39 | 0.77 (0.62–0.94) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) |
| 40–49 | 0.48 (0.40–0.58) | 0.77 (0.56–1.10) |
| 50–59 | 0.35 (0.28–0.42) | 0.73 (0.53–1.00) |
| 60–69 | 0.19 (0.15–0.23) | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) |
| Female vs male | 0.89 (0.83–0.96) | 0.93 (0.78–1.09) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Hispanic white | 0.94 (0.66–1.34) | 1.12 (0.70–1.78) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) |
| Other | 1.95 (1.47–2.58) | 1.35 (0.86–2.13) |
| ESRD cause | ||
| Hypertension | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Diabetes | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 1.67 (1.27–2.19) |
| Other | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) | 1.46 (1.14–1.86) |
| Year of incident ESRD | ||
| 2005 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2006 | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) |
| 2007 | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) | 1.12 (0.81–1.56) |
| 2008 | 1.38 (1.18–1.61) | 1.28 (0.92–1.78) |
| 2009 | 1.59 (1.34–1.87) | 1.44 (1.06–1.94) |
| 2010 | 1.80 (1.52–2.13) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) |
| 2011 | 1.97 (1.65–2.35) | 1.11 (0.80–1.53) |
| Clinical and Laboratory Measures (Yes vs No) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 0.75 (0.60–0.93) |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) |
| Other cardiac disease | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.84 (0.57–1.24) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.45 (0.29–0.70) |
| Hypertension | 1.35 (1.19–1.54) | 0.81 (0.62–1.04) |
| Diabetes | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.62 (0.50–0.76) | 0.30 (0.16–0.58) |
| Tobacco use | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) |
| Cancer | 0.39 (0.31–0.50) | 0.68 (0.36–1.30) |
| Socioeconomic Characteristics | ||
| Pre-ESRD nephrology care: yes vs no | 1.27 (1.16–1.40) | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) |
| Health insurance | ||
| Medicare | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Medicaid | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) |
| Employer group | 2.12 (1.89–2.38) | 2.10 (1.58–2.77) |
| Other coverage | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | 2.72 (1.80–4.09) |
| No coverage | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 1.36 (0.98–1.87) |
| Neighborhood Characteristics | ||
| Neighborhood poverty (per 5% increase) | 0.94 (0.91–0.96) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) |
| Dialysis Facility Characteristics | ||
| Patient to social worker ratio | ||
| 0–39:1 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 40:1–74:1 | 0.89 (0.72–1.09) | 0.84 (0.64–1.09) |
| 75:1–102:1 | 0.73 (0.58–0.91) | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) |
| ≥102:1 | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) |
| For-profit vs nonprofit | 1.51 (1.20–1.91) | 1.09 (0.83–1.44) |
Abbreviation: ESRD, end-stage renal disease.