Table 1.
Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics of the 99 patients
| Sex | Age, years | Time prior to fMRI, d | Lesion location | GCS score | CRS-R score | GOS score | Major lesions | Etiology | Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | 16 | 15 | Bilateral frontal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 42 | 18 | Brain stem and cerebellum lesions | 8 | 10 | 3 | Yes | Infarction | PC |
| M | 46 | 43 | Right temporal and brain stem lesions | 15 | 23 | 4 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 30 | 402 | Right frontotemporal lesions and skull deficit | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | Brain infarction | PC |
| M | 47 | 98 | Bifrontal lesions and skull deficit | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 17 | 28 | Corpus callosum splenium lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 61 | 293 | Left frontal lesion and hydrocephalus | 15 | 23 | 4 | Yes | Postoperation of meningioma | PC |
| F | 45 | 92 | Brain stem, right frontotemporal and left frontal lesions | 13 | 22 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 33 | 5 | Brain stem lesion | 15 | 23 | 4 | Yes | Cavernous hemangioma and hemorrhage | PC |
| F | 70 | 4 | Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage absorbed | 15 | 23 | 5 | No | TBI | PC |
| M | 50 | 20 | Bifrontal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 53 | 47 | Left brain stem lesion | 10 | 19 | 3 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | PC |
| M | 58 | 10 | Bilateral frontal and right temporal lesions | 11 | 20 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 29 | 137 | Bilateral frontal and left temporal lesions, skull deficit and hydrocephalus | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 27 | 139 | DAI | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 56 | 283 | Brain stem, right frontotemporal and basal ganglia lesions | 14 | 22 | 3 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | PC |
| F | 29 | 247 | Bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 13 | 16 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 32 | 667 | Bilateral basal ganglia lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 52 | 127 | Bifrontal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 33 | 27 | Right frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital ,basal ganglia, and brain stem lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 32 | 68 | Left frontotemporal lesions | 14 | 23 | 4 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 41 | 63 | Left frontoparietal lesions | 15 | 23 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 52 | 6 | Left frontal lesion | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 29 | 118 | Right frontotemporal lesions | 14 | 23 | 4 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 30 | 19 | Right frontotemporal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 22 | 66 | Right frontotemporal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 46 | 69 | Left frontotemporal, right basal ganglia and brain stem lesions | 11 | 16 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 54 | 5 | Bilateral temporal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 41 | 9 | Pons lesion | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | Cavernous hemangioma | PC |
| F | 43 | 18 | Intraventricular hemorrhage absorbed | 15 | 23 | 5 | No | Spontaneous hemorrhage | PC |
| F | 28 | 4 | Left temporal contusion | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 45 | 351 | Bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 12 | 18 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| F | 24 | 209 | Left frontal and parietal lesions | 14 | 22 | 4 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | PC |
| M | 62 | 7 | Postoperation after cerebellar infarction | 15 | 23 | 5 | No | Infarction | PC |
| F | 29 | 5 | Postoperation after hernia for left temporal and occipital epidural hematoma | 15 | 23 | 5 | No | TBI | PC |
| M | 46 | 58 | Bifrontal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 42 | 132 | Bilateral frontal lesions | 15 | 23 | 5 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 33 | 119 | Left fronto-temporal-parietal, left brain stem, and right frontotemporal lesions | 11 | 17 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 24 | 35 | DAI, left frontotemporal and right basal ganglia lesions | 10 | 11 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 65 | 102 | Bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 15 | 23 | 3 | Yes | TBI | PC |
| M | 17 | 45 | Left frontotemporal skull deficit after epidural hematoma evacuation | 10 | 12 | 4 | No | TBI | MCS |
| M | 34 | 140 | Bilateral frontal, brain stem, cerebellar, and right basal ganglia lesions | 10 | 10 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 52 | 237 | Brain stem, left basal ganglia and thalamus lesions | 10 | 9 | 2 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | MCS |
| F | 30 | 26 | Bilateral basal ganglia lesions | 9 | 10 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 37 | 83 | Bilateral extensive frontotemporal lesions, hydrocephalus, bilateral frontotemporal skull deficit | 9 | 10 | 2 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 62 | 109 | Bilateral frontal and left temporal and brain stem lesions | 9 | 9 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 18 | 31 | DAI and left thalamus lesion | 9 | 6 | 5 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| F | 44 | 45 | Left frontotemporal lesions and skull deficit | 9 | 6 | 4 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 49 | 98 | Left frontotemporal lesions and skull deficit | 10 | 14 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 44 | 96 | Corpus callosum and brain stem lesions | 9 | 8 | 2 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 35 | 114 | Brain stem, right fronto-temporo-parietal-occipital and left frontal lesions | 10 | 7 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 45 | 40 | Bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 9 | 13 | 2 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 22 | 21 | Bilateral frontal, right temporal and brain stem lesions | 9 | 7 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 55 | 18 | Bilateral basal ganglia, left thalamus and brain stem lesions | 9 | 8 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 40 | 344 | Bilateral frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 10 | 13 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| F | 63 | 28 | Bilateral frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 9 | 13 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 60 | 111 | Right frontotemporal and brain stem lesions, hydrocephalus | 9 | 7 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 62 | 62 | Left frontotemporal lesions | 10 | 14 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 60 | 20 | Bilateral frontotemporal lesions and skull deficit | 9 | 8 | 4 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 18 | 15 | Postoperation after hernia for right frontal and temporal epidural hematoma | 9 | 14 | 4 | No | TBI | MCS |
| F | 32 | 67 | Brain stem injury | 10 | 12 | 4 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 48 | 53 | Bilateral frontotemporal and brain stem lesions, hydrocephalus | 9 | 7 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 37 | 82 | Brain stem lesion | 9 | 13 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 42 | 32 | Bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral basal ganglia lesions | 10 | 14 | 3 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| F | 44 | 79 | Bilateral frontal and temporal lesions | 8 | 7 | 2 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 57 | 20 | Bilateral frontal and temporal lesions | 10 | 13 | 2 | Yes | TBI | MCS |
| M | 40 | 148 | Right hemisphere and brain stem lesions | 8 | 6 | 3 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | MCS |
| M | 25 | 74 | Left frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 7 | 5 | 3 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 56 | 87 | Left frontotemporal, occipital, brain stem, and right cerebellar lesions, left frontotemporal skull deficit | 8 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 36 | 97 | Right basal ganglia, thalamus, right frontal, temporal and parietal lesions | 6 | 6 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 60 | 110 | Diffused brain lesions, including brain stem, bilateral frontotemporal, basal ganglia, thalamus, and right occipital lesions | 7 | 6 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 50 | 42 | DAI, right temporal lesion | 7 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| F | 36 | 182 | DAI, right basal ganglia lesion | 9 | 5 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 59 | 44 | Bilateral frontotemporal, right occipital, and brain stem lesions | 8 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 11 | 216 | Left frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 10 | 8 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 18 | 27 | Left temporal and right frontotemporal lesions, hydrocephalus | 8 | 5 | 4 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 42 | 21 | Left frontotemporal, right basal ganglia and brain stem lesions | 8 | 3 | 3 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| F | 38 | 31 | Left frontotemporal, basal ganglia, right temporal, and brain stem lesions | 9 | 6 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| F | 60 | 69 | Bilateral frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 8 | 3 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 57 | 33 | Bilateral frontotemporal and brain stem lesions | 6 | 2 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| F | 23 | 168 | DAI | 8 | 4 | 3 | No | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 50 | 85 | Bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal and left occipital lesions | 9 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| F | 52 | 52 | Brain stem and bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 7 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 36 | 39 | Diffused bilateral frontotemporal, thalamus, midbrain and right occipital lesions, bilateral frontotemporal skull deficit | 5 | 3 | 3 | Yes | TBI | UWS/VS |
| M | 47 | 163 | Brain stem, right frontal and bilateral basal ganglia lesions | 8 | 5 | 3 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | UWS/VS |
| M | 46 | 19 | Left temporal, left basal ganglia, corpus callosum splenium and cingulum lesions | 5 | 2 | 3 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| M | 63 | 8 | Left frontotemporal lesions | 3 | 0 | 1 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | Coma |
| M | 56 | 20 | Brain stem lesion | 8 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| M | 58 | 180 | DAI, brain stem and bilateral frontotemporal lesions | 7 | 4 | 2 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| M | 37 | 21 | Brain stem, right frontotemporal and left frontal lesions | 7 | 3 | 3 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| M | 46 | 25 | DAI, brain stem, bilateral frontal and temporal lesions | 6 | 2 | 4 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| F | 38 | 65 | DAI, left temporal lesion | 8 | 6 | 3 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| F | 67 | 10 | Brain stem and left frontotemporal lesions | 6 | 3 | 2 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| M | 47 | 13 | Pons lesion | 7 | 4 | 3 | Yes | Pons demyelination | Coma |
| M | 44 | 71 | Brain stem lesion | 6 | 2 | 2 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| F | 39 | 27 | Brain stem lesion | 8 | 6 | 2 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
| F | 49 | 47 | Brain stem lesion | 8 | 5 | 3 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | Coma |
| M | 23 | 17 | Left hemisphere, right frontal, and brain stem lesions | 8 | 6 | 4 | Yes | Spontaneous hemorrhage | Coma |
| M | 18 | 18 | DAI, brain stem lesion | 6 | 3 | 3 | Yes | TBI | Coma |
DAI, diffused axonal injury; TBI, traumatic brain injury; F, female; M, male.