Table 1.
List of published mGWAS in humans and selected GWAS with multiple metabolic traits (in the order of publication date)
| Biofluid | Metabolic trait(s) | Traits (N) | Platform | Study population | Cohort size (n) | Loci (n) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Targeted MS | 363 + all ratios | MS | German | 284 | 4 | Gieger et al. (3) |
| Plasma and Serum | Sphingolipids | 33 + 43 ratios | MS | European | 4400 | 5 | Hicks et al. (7) |
| Serum | Mainly phospholipids | 163 + 26 406 ratios | MS | German, British | 1809 + 422 | 9 | Illig et al. (8) |
| Urine | NMR-derived metabolites | 59 + 1661 ratios | NMR | German | 862 + 992 | 5 | Suhre et al. (9) |
| Serum | Non-targeted MS, knowns | 276 + 37 179 ratios | MS | German, British | 1768 + 1052 | 37 | Suhre et al. (10) |
| Urine and Plasma | Urine: NMR peaks, plasma: mainly phospholipids | Urine: 512 peaks plasma: 163 + ratios | NMR + MS | British | 211 | 3 | Nicholson et al. (11) |
| Serum | Mainly lipid traits | 117 + 99 ratios | NMR | Finnish | 8330 | 31 | Kettunen et al. (12) |
| Plasma | Phospholipids + sphingolipids | 153 | MS | European | 4034 | 35 | Demirkan et al. (13) |
| Serum | Mainly lipid traits | 117 + 99 ratios | NMR | Finnish | 8330 | 30 | Tukiainen et al. (14) |
| Serum | Mainly lipid traits and low-weight metabolites | 130 | NMR | Finnish, British | 1905 + 4703 | 34 | Inouye et al. (15) |
| Serum | Non-targeted MS, unknowns | 517 | MS | German | 1768 | 34 | Krumsiek et al. (16) |
| Urine | NMR peaks | 2425 | NMR | Brazil | 265 | 2 | Montoliu et al. (17) |
| Plasma | NMR peaks | 8600 + 124 750 ratios | NMR | German | 1757 | 7 | Raffler et al. (18) |
| Serum | MS peaks | 6138 | MS | Swedish | 402 + 489 | 7 | Hong et al. (19) |
| Plasma | Amino acids, amines, polar metabolites, lipids | 217 | MS | USA (European ancestry) | 2076 | 31 | Rhee et al. (20) |
| Urine | NMR peaks | 1276 | NMR | European, Brazil | 835 + 601 | 11 | Rueedi et al. (21) |
| Serum | Non-targeted MS, knowns and unknowns | 308 | MS | African American | 1260 | 19 | Yu et al. (22) |
| Serum | Non-targeted MS, knowns and unknowns | 486 + 98 346 ratios | MS | European | 7824 | 145 | Shin et al. (23) |
| Serum | Targeted MS (mainly phospholipids) + non-targeted MS (knowns) | 344 (151 + 193) | MS | European | 1809 + 843 | 12 new | Ried et al. (24) |
| Serum | NMR-derived metabolites | 42 | NMR | European | 2118 | 8 | Demirkan et al. (25) |
| Serum | Mainly phospholipids | 129 | MS | European | 7478 + 1182 | 31 | Draisma et al. (26) |