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. 2015 Sep 3;109:505–535. doi: 10.1007/s00422-015-0658-2

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 12 — Top effect of scrambling on the responses of a neuron in VisNet. This VisNet layer 4 neuron responded to one of the faces after training and to none of the other 7 faces. The neuron responded to all the different view exemplars 1–5 of the unscrambled face (exemplar normal). When the same neuron was then tested with the randomly scrambled versions of the same face stimuli (exemplar scrambled), the firing rate was zero. Bottom effect of scrambling on the responses of a neuron in HMAX. This view-tuned neuron of HMAX was chosen to be as discriminating between the 8 face identities as possible. The neuron responded to all the different view exemplars 1–5 of the unscrambled face. When the same neuron was then tested with the randomly scrambled versions of the same face stimuli, the neuron responded with similarly high rates to the scrambled stimuli