Necessity of the endothelium for maintained ren expression. The requirement of the endothelium for ren expression was tested in avascular clo mutants. A, C, E, and G: in situ images of wild-type clom39 (−/+ or +/+) fish confirming ren expression between 24 and 96 hpf (arrows). B and D: all clom39 (−/−) mutants expressed ren mRNA between 24 and 48 hpf. F: at 72 hpf, only 54% (n = 15) of clom39 (−/−) mutants expressed ren mRNA; the remaining individuals expressed varying degrees ren mRNA. H: by 96 hpf, ren mRNA was not detectable in clom39 (−/−) mutants. I: at 96 hpf, ren-RFP (circled) was visible in Tg[ren:RFP, clom39 (−/+ or +/+)] larvae. J: by 96 hpf, ren-RFP was not visible in the area of the AMA (circled) in Tg[ren:RFP, clom39 (−/−)] mutants. Areas other than those circled are autofluorescence. K: clom39 (−/+ or +/+) larvae lacked any gross phenotype. L: at 96 hpf, clom39 (−/−) mutants displayed severe peritoneal and pericardial edemas, and lacked blood flow. Scale bars = 500 μm (250 μm in insets).