Table 1.
Effects of double-substitutions on cell-to-cell movement, long-distance spread and replication
| Mutants | Residues substituted | Cell-to-cell spread | Long-distance movement | Replication | Relative levels of viral RNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI-m1 | D4, E6 | - | - | + | 1.08 ± 0.14 |
| CI-m2 | D7, D8 | - | - | + | 1.03 ± 0.18 |
| CI-m3 | E11, R12 | - | - | reduced** | 0.72 ± 0.08 |
| CI-m4 | D17, E19 | - | - | + | 1.15 ± 0.17 |
| CI-m5 | D23, D25 | slow | + | + | 0.93 ± 0.13 |
| CI-m6 | E33, K34 | slow | + | + | 1.05 ± 0.09 |
| CI-m7 | E56, K58 | + | + | + | 1.02 ± 0.14 |
| CI-m8 | E77, D79 | + | + | + | 0.93 ± 0.07 |
| CI-m9 | K80, D81 | - | - | + | 1.04 ± 0.14 |
| CI-m10 | R102, K103 | - | - | reduced* | 0.90 ± 0.03 |
| CI-m11 | E167, E168 | + | + | + | 0.86 ± 0.10 |
| CI-m12 | D175, E176 | - | - | - | 0.52 ± 0.03 |
| CI-m13 | E193, D195 | slow | + | reduced* | 0.79 ± 0.09 |
| CI-m14 | R210, E211 | - | - | - | 0.49 ± 0.09 |
| CI-m15 | E225, D226 | slow | + | reduced* | 0.84 ± 0.08 |
| CI-m16 | K248, D250 | - | - | - | 0.62 ± 0.12 |
| CI-m17 | E261, D263 | slow | - | reduced* | 0.81 ± 0.06 |
| CI-m18 | E271, D273 | + | + | reduced** | 0.82 ± 0.04 |
| CI-m19 | K278, D280 | - | - | + | 1.01 ± 0.18 |
| CI-m20 | K299, K300 | slow | + | reduced** | 0.83 ± 0.05 |
| CI-m21 | D316, D318 | - | - | + | 0.95 ± 0.08 |
| CI-m22 | D332, D334 | slow | + | + | 0.89 ± 0.11 |
| CI-m23 | E349, R350 | - | - | - | 0.52 ± 0.09 |
| CI-m24 | E372, K373 | slow | + | + | 0.87 ± 0.13 |
| CI-m25 | R433, D435 | slow | + | + | 0.90 ± 0.14 |
| CI-m26 | K447, R448 | slow | - | reduced* | 0.73 ± 0.08 |
| CI-m27 | K450, R452 | - | - | reduced** | 0.72 ± 0.06 |
| CI-m28 | D453, E455 | - | - | reduced** | 0.68 ± 0.04 |
| CI-m29 | E485, D486 | + | + | + | 1.06 ± 0.04 |
| CI-m30 | R487, R488 | + | + | + | 0.98 ± 0.15 |
| CI-m31 | D489, R491 | slow | - | reduced* | 0.81 ± 0.10 |
| CI-m32 | R497, D498 | - | - | - | 0.50 ± 0.10 |
| CI-m33 | E501, K502 | - | - | + | 1.02 ± 0.12 |
| CI-m34 | K513, K515 | - | - | + | 1.02 ± 0.16 |
| CI-m35 | E555, E556 | slow | - | reduced* | 0.80 ± 0.09 |
| CI-m36 | R557, R558 | - | - | reduced** | 0.64 ± 0.05 |
| CI-m37 | K559, E561 | - | - | reduced** | 0.77 ± 0.03 |
| CI-m38 | K591, D592 | slow | - | reduced* | 0.71 ± 0.12 |
| CI-m39 | K623, D625 | slow | + | + | 0.92 ± 0.08 |
| CI-m40 | K92, S93 | - | - | increased* | 1.34 ± 0.17 |
| GDD | - | - | - | 0.58 ± 0.09 | |
| WT | + | + | + | 1 |
Note: +, similar to the wild type virus; −, replication or cell-to-cell movement or long distance spread was abolished; slow, reduced spread intercellularly in the inoculated leaves; reduced, replication significantly reduced; increased, replication significantly enhanced; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01