Table 4.
Plasma lipids, fibrinogen and HOMAir according to the regular consumption of kiwi in three groups. Results expressed as mean and 95 % confidence interval
| No adjustment | Adjusted | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non consumption | Occasional consumption | Frequent consumption | Non consumption | Occasional consumption | Frequent consumption | |||||||||
| N = 594 (40.4 %) | N = 520 (35.4 %) | N = 355 (24.2 %) | N = 594 (40.4 %) | N = 520 (35.4 %) | N = 355 (24.2 %) | |||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | p value | Marginal Mean | 95 % CI | Marginal Mean | 95 % CI | Marginal Mean | 95 % CI | p value | |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) ac | 57.1 | 55.8–58.5 | 58.5 | 57.2–59.9 | 62.3 | 60.8–63.8 | <0.001 | 58.9 | 57.7–60.1 | 58.4 | 57.1–59.6 | 60.9 | 59.2–62.5 | 0.060 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | 129.2 | 119.5–139.0 | 121.7 | 111.3–132.1 | 105.7 | 97.8–113.6 | 0.007 | 125.2 | 115.5–134.8 | 125.0 | 115.2–134.9 | 106.5 | 93.6–119.5 | 0.050 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 375.7 | 367.8–383.6 | 376.8 | 369.2–384.5 | 363.0 | 354.0–372.0 | 0.063 | 377.8 | 369.9–385.7 | 378.5 | 370.5–386.4 | 363.2 | 352.5–373.9 | 0.050 |
| HOMAirab | 2.09 | 1.93–2.25 | 1.84 | 1.70–1.98 | 1.67 | 1.54–1.81 | 0.001 | 1.94 | 1.81–2.09 | 1.91 | 1.77–2.05 | 1.82 | 1.63–2.01 | 0.630 |
p values are for comparison of sub-groups by ANOVA test with Bonferroni’s post hoc comparisons. aDifference between non consumers and frequent consumers; bDifference between non consumers and occasional consumers; cDifference between occasional consumers and frequent consumers
p values are for comparison of sub-groups by ANCOVA test adjusted by: age, gender, total energy intake-Kcal, total fruit consumption, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity