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. 2015 Sep 15;13:145. doi: 10.1186/s12955-015-0344-z

Table 4.

Known-group validity of the EQ-5D-3L tariffs

Sweden UK US Denmark Germany
HbA1c ≤ 7 (n = 890) 0.88 0.78 0.84 0.82 0.87
HbA1c > 7 (n = 867) 0.87 0.75 0.81 0.79 0.84
Difference 0.01* 0.04** 0.02** 0.03** 0.03**
Relative efficiency 1.00 1.29 1.25 1.37 1.25
Effect size 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13
BMI < 30 (n = 991) 0.89 0.79 0.84 0.82 0.87
BMI ≥ 30 (n = 766) 0.86 0.74 0.80 0.78 0.83
Difference 0.03*** 0.06*** 0.04*** 0.05*** 0.04***
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.98 0.97 1.01 0.90
Effect size 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21
Diabetes duration ≤ 8 (n = 929) 0.88 0.78 0.84 0.81 0.87
Diabetes duration > 8 (n = 828) 0.87 0.75 0.81 0.79 0.84
Difference 0.01** 0.04** 0.02** 0.03** 0.03**
Relative efficiency 1.00 1.15 1.14 1.09 1.36
Effect size 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.15
Age ≤ 67 (n = 929) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.80 0.86
Age > 67 (n = 828) 0.87 0.76 0.82 0.80 0.85
Difference 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.41 0.81 0.41 0.84
Effect size 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05
Microvascular complications (No) (n = 1670) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.80 0.86
Microvascular complications (Yes) (n = 87) 0.83 0.66 0.75 0.72 0.77
Difference 0.05*** 0.11*** 0.08*** 0.08*** 0.09***
Relative efficiency 1.00 1.06 1.09 0.93 1.17
Effect size 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.40 0.45
Macrovascular complications (No) (n = 1332) 0.89 0.79 0.84 0.82 0.87
Macrovascular complications (Yes) (n = 425) 0.84 0.70 0.78 0.75 0.80
Difference 0.04*** 0.08*** 0.06*** 0.06*** 0.07***
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.76 0.78 0.69 0.85
Effect size 0.37 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.34
Myocardial infarction (No) (n = 1581) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.81 0.86
Myocardial infarction (Yes) (n = 176) 0.85 0.71 0.79 0.76 0.81
Difference 0.03** 0.06** 0.04** 0.05** 0.05**
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.81 0.88 0.86 0.71
Effect size 0.26 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.22
Stroke (No) (n = 1643) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.81 0.86
Stroke (Yes) (n = 114) 0.82 0.66 0.75 0.72 0.76
Difference 0.06*** 0.12*** 0.09*** 0.09*** 0.10***
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.71 0.79 0.65 0.78
Effect size 0.54 0.45 0.48 0.44 0.47
Heart failure (No) (n = 1673) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.81 0.86
Heart failure (Yes) (n = 84) 0.82 0.65 0.74 0.71 0.75
Difference 0.06*** 0.13*** 0.09*** 0.10*** 0.11***
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.82 0.79 0.74 0.93
Effect size 0.54 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.52
Non-acute IHD (No) (n = 1533) 0.88 0.78 0.83 0.81 0.86
Non-acute IHD (Yes) (n = 224) 0.84 0.70 0.78 0.75 0.80
Difference 0.04*** 0.07*** 0.05*** 0.06*** 0.06***
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.84 0.80 0.78 0.89
Effect size 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.29
Kidney disorders (No) (n = 1710) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.80 0.86
Kidney disorders (Yes) (n = 47) 0.82 0.61 0.72 0.69 0.73
Difference 0.06*** 0.16*** 0.11*** 0.12 0.13***
Relative efficiency 1.00 1.28 1.33 1.13 1.43
Effect size 0.54 0.61 0.62 0.57 0.64
Retinopathy (No) (n = 1719) 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.80 0.86
Retinopathy (Yes) (n = 38) 0.84 0.69 0.77 0.74 0.80
Difference 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06
Relative efficiency 1.00 0.85 0.98 0.79 0.82
Effect size 0.32 0.29 0.32 0.28 0.29
Insulin treatment (No) (n = 901) 0.88 0.78 0.84 0.81 0.87
Insulin treatment (Yes) (n = 856) 0.87 0.75 0.82 0.79 0.84
Difference 0.01 0.03* 0.02* .02* 0.03**
Relative Efficiency 1.00 2.08 1.90 1.59 3.08
Effect size 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.14

*,**,*** indicates p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively