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Key female reproductive traits in Pieris rapae. (A). Complete reproductive tract (modified from Lorković, 1985) with bursa copulatrix (bc), spermatophore (sp, in blue), and signum (sg, in red). (B) Male spermatophore. (C) The female signum in P. rapae exhibits a “chewing” morphotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (A and B) and 200 µm (C).
