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. 2015 Aug 6;9:233–243. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.07.008

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 2 — Personal space. The bar plots in A show the mean size of personal space in centimeters for the 14 controls (CON, in black) and 15 schizophrenic patients (SCZ, in gray; * p = .0006). The scatter plot in B shows the significant correlation (r = .53, p = .04, d = 1.25) between personal space size and negative symptom levels (measured using the PANSS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) in the schizophrenia group. In addition, exploratory analyses revealed that in controls, but not in patients, the size of personal space was negatively correlated with the amount of time preferred with others (r = − .54, p < .05, d = 1.28). PANSS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; r, Spearman's rho; CON, controls; SCZ, schizophrenic patients; cm, centimeters.