a Thermal inactivation of β -galactosidase at 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C; b Arrhenius plot of the inactivation rate constants for β -galactosidase. c Rate of Lactose unhydrolyzed, d Lactose hydrolysis by β -galactosidase enzyme in milk at 37 °C. Bars indicate the standard deviation from triplicate determinations