Table 1.

Patient characteristics

Characteristics	Number	Mean ± SD	Correlation with MOCA
			r*	P-value
Age, years	100	70.0±9.4	−0.28	0.005
Male	100	63 (63%)	#	0.112
Lives alone	100	24 (24%)	#	0.752
Education, years	100	13.3±2.3	+0.24	0.012
MOCA	100	23.8±3.9	–	–
FEV1, % predicted	99	40.4±16.7	+0.06	0.584
Gait speed, m/s	70	1.1±0.2	+0.32	0.008
mMRC dyspnea scale	100	2.2±1.2	−0.05	0.605
ADO index	99	8.8±2.4	−0.27	0.005
Depression screening (PHQ-2)	100	1.3±1.7	+0.08	0.428
CRQ	87
Dyspnea		5.1±1.5	+0.08	0.440
Fatigue		3.9±1.4	−0.05	0.668
Emotion		4.8±1.2	+0.16	0.135
Mastery		4.9±1.5	−0.04	0.714
CRQ – total score		4.7±1.2	+0.04	0.693
SMAS-30	99
Taking initiatives		65.9±15.5	−0.08	0.429
Investment behavior		59.5±15.0	−0.08	0.438
Variety		41.6±14.6	+0.00	0.998
Multifunctionality		69.0±11.8	+0.02	0.845
Self-efficacy		84.3±13.4	−0.00	0.981
Positive frame of mind		64.2±17.7	+0.06	0.551
SMAS – total score		64.1±10.9	−0.02	0.862
Exacerbations in last year	100		+0.04	0.717
0		44
1		21
2		15
3 or more		20
ER visits for breathing problems in last year	100		+0.06	0.564
0		62
1		19
2		11
3 or more		8
Hospitalization for breathing problems in last year	100		−0.04	0.661
0		72
1		18
2		11
3 or more		3

Notes:

^*Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient;

^#the mean ± SD MOCA score was 23.3±4.2 for males and 24.6±3.4 for females (t-test, P=0.112). For patients who lived alone, the mean ± SD MOCA score was 24.2±3.8; for those who did not live alone, the mean ± SD MOCA score was 23.9±3.9 (t-test, P=0.752).

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; ADO, age-dyspnea-obstruction; PHQ-2, two-item depression-screening questionnaire; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; SMAS-30, Self-Management Ability Score 30; ER, emergency room; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.