Table 2.

Task administration procedures, by condition.

	Label Condition	Fact Condition
Information Phase	Experimenter places a pair of novel objects in front of the participant. Experimenter picks up and labels one object (Object A) three times with a novel label (e.g., “here’s the jop, look this is a jop, see the jop?”). Experimenter places Object A back on the table, picks up Object B, and says, “Oh look at this one, isn’t it cool? This is nice.”	Experimenter places a pair of novel objects in front of the participant. Experimenter picks up and describes one object (Object A) three times with a novel fact (e.g., “look at this one, my sister gave this to me. See, my sister gave this to me. My sister gave me this.”). Experimenter places Object A back on the table, picks up Object B, and says, “Oh look at this one, isn’t it cool? This is nice.”
Test Phase	After allowing participants to play with both objects for approximately 30 seconds, the experimenter returns both objects to their original locations. While fixating on the participant and not on either of the objects, the experimenter asks the participant for the referent of a second novel label (e.g., “can you give me the wug?”).	After allowing participants to play with both objects for approximately 30 seconds, the experimenter returns both objects to their original locations. While fixating on the participant and not on either of the objects, the experimenter asks the participant for the referent of a second novel fact (e.g., “can you give me the one my dog likes to play with?”).

Note: The object that was given a label or a fact (i.e., Object A or Object B) was alternated on every other trial. Answers were judged as correct when participants used exclusivity (i.e., when they selected the unlabeled or undescribed object). No feedback was given.