Table 1.
Behavioral task | Direction of learning modulation | Treatment or cycle stage | Dose, timing, other notes |
---|---|---|---|
Place task | ↑ | EB; systemic injection | 10 μg to young adult a,b,c and elderly ratsc, 4.5 μg/kg to young adultd and middle-agede LE rats; enhancement blocked by intrahippocampal ICI 182,780b |
↑ | ES; intracranial infusion | 0.5 μM infusion into dorsal hippocampus; infusion into dorsolateral striatum had no effect on place learningf | |
↑ | ES; intracranial infusion | A single 0.5 μM infusion into dorsal hippocampus enhanced place learning when given 2 h, but not 15 min, before trainingg | |
↑ | Genistein; oral pellets | Multiple daily oral dosings to LE rats beginning 48 h before trainingd | |
↑ | PPT; systemic injection | 333 μg/kg to LE rats; higher (1000 μg/kg) and lower (33, 100 μg/kg) doses not effectiveh | |
↑ | DPN; systemic injection | 100, 333, and 1000 μg/kg to LE ratsh | |
↑ | Br-Erb-041; systemic injection | 100 μg/kg to LE rats; higher (333 μg/kg) and lower (10, 33 μg/kg) doses not effectiveh | |
↑ | G1; systemic injection | 10 μg/kg to LE rats; only effective when given 30 min before training after 48 and 24 h of G1 primingi | |
Metric change in object location | ↑ | Proestrus | LE rats in proestrus showed better recognition of a change in metric pattern than rats in estrusj |
↑ | EB; systemic injection | 45 μg/kg to LE ratsj | |
Rewarded spontaenous alternation | ↑ | Proestrus, diestrus | Rats in proestrus and diestrus showed increased spatial alternation behavior compared to rats in estrusk |
Response task | ↓ | EB; systemic injection | 10 μg to SD ratsa,l, 4.5 μg/kg and 45 μg/kg to LE ratsd; impairment blocked by intrastriatal ICI 182,780l |
↓ | ES; intracranial infusion | 0.5 μM infusion into dorsolateral striatum; infusion into dorsal hippocampus had no effect on response learningf | |
↓ | ES; intracranial infusion | A single 0.5 μM infusion into dorsolateral striatum imapired response learning when given 2 h, but not 15 min, before trainingm | |
↓ | Genistein; oral pellets | Multiple daily oral dosings to LE rats beginning 48 h before trainingd | |
↓ | PPT; systemic injection | 333 and 1000 μg/kg to LE ratsh | |
↓ | DPN; systemic injection | 333 and 1000 μg/kg to LE ratsh | |
↓ | Br-Erb-041; systemic injection | 100 μg/kg to LE rats; higher (333 μg/kg) and lower (10, 33 μg/kg) doses not effectiveh | |
↓ | G1; systemic injection | 100 μg/kg to LE rats 48 and 24 h before training; no acute dose requiredi | |
Double object recognition | ↓ | EB; systemic injection | 45 μg/kg to LE ratsj |
Operant delayed spatial alternation | ↓ | 17-β estradiol; silastic capsule | Chronic estradiol replacement impaired DSA performance in young adultn,o, middle-agedo,p, and elderlyo LE rats |
↓ | Genistein; oral pellets | Chronic daily oral dosings impaired DSA performance in middle-aged LE ratsq | |
↓ | DPN; systemic injection | Chronic daily injections of 20 μg/kg; higher (80, 200 μg/kg) doses not effectivep | |
↓ | PPT; systemic injection | Chronic daily injections of 200 μg/kg subtly impaired DSA performance late in testing under long delaysp | |
Dual solution strategy | Place | Proestrus; EB, systemic injection | Proestrous rats showed preference for place over response strategies with no change in learning speedk,r |
Response | Estrus; Oil; systemic injection | Estrous rats showed preference for response strategies with no change in learning speedk,r |
Abbreviations: EB: 17β-estradiol benzoate; ES: 17β-estradiol 3-sulfate; SD: Sprague-Dawley; LE: Long-Evans; OVX: ovariectomized; DSA: delayed spatial alternation.
Korol et al., 2007. Experiments were conducted using Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats.
Zurkovsky et al., 2007; ES was infused directly into the dorsal hippocampus or dorsolateral striatum 48, 24, and 2 h before behavioral testing.