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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2015 Mar 28;43(10):2538–2551. doi: 10.1007/s10439-015-1306-7

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Histology of healthy and diseased airways of bronchitis and asthma. Smooth muscle thickening creates an increased pressure on the external airway wall. Inflammation of the mucosal lining is mechanically classified as growth on the internal airway wall. Both mechanisms obstruct the lumen and lead to difficulty in breathing; adapted from [14, 29].