Table 6.

Genetic Covariance Estimates for Five Pairs of Four Psychiatric Traits

	AVENGEME${\hat{\sigma }}_{12}$	GREML${\hat{\sigma }}_{12}$
BPD-SCZ	0.199 (0.186–0.209)	0.151 (0.131–0.171)
MDD-BPD	0.134 (0.120–0.148)	0.102 (0.077–0.127)
SCZ-MDD	0.165 (0.153–0.177)	0.087 (0.065–0.110)
SCZ-ASD	0.050 (0.038–0.059)	0.03 (0.008–0.052)
ASD-BPD	0.042 (0.030–0.055)	0.008 (−0.017–0.033)

Abbreviations are as follows: BPD, bipolar disorder; SCZ, schizophrenia; MDD, major depressive disorder; ASD, autistic spectrum disorder. AVENGEME estimates are from bidirectional analysis. GREML confidence intervals derived from published standard errors³⁵ assuming normally distributed estimators.