Table 1.

Demographics and Baseline Pain

History	Psychiatric	Group	Column1	P value (Low vs. High)
Variable	Low NA (n=24)	Moderate NA (n=7)	High NA (n=24)
Age (mean, years)	55	54	49	0.08
Gender (% female)	67	43	58	0.38
Work status (% working)	42	29	12	0.03
Marital status (% married)	54	57	58	0.6
Taking opioids at baseline (% yes)	33	14	42	0.38
Baseline pain (mean, 0-10)	7.1	6.6	7.5	0.39
Pain duration (mean, years)	7.3	12.4	8	0.72
Radicular pain (% yes)1	75	57	54	0.31
Neuropathic pain (% yes)2	58	71	81	0.09
Pain interference (mean, 0-10)3	5.6	6.6	7.5	0.002
Function (% disability)4	35.6	40.1	50.3	0.007
Opioid misuse risk score (mean, 0-96)5	10.7	14.7	24	0.0001
Substance abuse history (% yes)	12	14	21	0.35
Co-morbid major depression (% yes)6	4	0	67	0.0001
Generalized anxiety disorder (% yes)	4	14	8	0.64
Post-traumatic stress disorder (% yes)	0	0	21	0.018
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (% yes)	0	0	8	0.61
Panic disorder (% yes)	0	0	8	0.61
Bipolar disorder (% yes)	0	0	8	0.61
Dysthymia (% yes)	0	0	46	0.001
Adjustment disorder (% yes)	0	29	12	0.2
Depression symptoms (mean, 0-21)9	4	7.5	11.7	0.0001
Anxiety symptoms (mean, 0-21)10	4.7	9.5	12.7	0.0001
Pain catastrophizing (mean, 0-52)7	20.9	33	32.7	0.0001
Neuroticism (mean, T score)8	42.4	44.9	60	0.0001

¹Intermittent only per history (not constant or daily)

²Composite measure of burning, shooting, and sensitivity to touch symptoms, assessed with the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire

³Average of the pain interfence items on the Brief Pain Inventory

⁴Oswestry Disability Index

⁵Screener for Opioid Assessment in Patients with Pain, Revised (SOAPP-R). Score >17 predicts a high likihood of future opioid misuse

⁶Results of the MINI (Mini-internationalneuropsychiatric-interview)

⁷Pain Catastrophizing Scale

⁸Neuroticism Subscale of the NEO Personality Inventory ‘T’ scores above 60= >85th percentile for neuroticism (NEO-FFI-Personality Inventory, Costa P, 1985)

⁹Depression subscale of the HADS (Hospital Anxitey and Depression Scale)

¹⁰Anxiety subscale of the HADS