Table 2.

Summary of studies reporting cerebellar underdevelopment/hypoplasia secondary to cerebral injury (n=8)

Studies	Design	Populations (complete data)	Lesions	Imaging	Cerebellar outcomes	Develop. outcomes	Conclusions
Gadin [33]	Prospective  cohort	20 PT ≤30 w GA, 20  NICU admitted  ≥37 w GA	Cerebral injury	tMRI	CBL volume	6 months: BSID-III: Motor  composite	No significant association was found between  CBL volume and the motor composite score.
Lind [34]	Prospective  cohort	97 PT <37 w GA ≤1,500 g, 161  term-born controls	Cerebral injury on  HUS only	HUS, tMRI	CBL volume	5 years: NEPSY-II FTF	PT children had significantly lower scores on  each subscale than term children. In PT children, greater CBL volume was  significantly associated with better motor  skills and executive functioning of the FTF. No significant association was found between  CBL volume and any of the NEPSY-II sub-  scales.
Lind [35]	Prospective  cohort	164 PT <37 w GA  ≤1,500 g	Cerebral injury on  HUS only	HUS, tMRI	CBL volume	2 years: BSID-II: cognitive  composite Hammersmith Infant  Neurological  Examination	Smaller CBL volume was significantly  associated with lower scores on the  Hammersmith Infant Neurological  Examination. When controlling for cerebral injury, smaller  CBL volume continue to be associated with  more neurological abnormalities. CBL volume was not significantly associated  with the cognitive composite.
Northman [36]	Prospective  cohort	27 PT ≤33 w GA with  CI on HUS, 22 PT≤  33 w GA without CI, 26 term-born controls	CBI, cerebral injury	HUS, follow-up  MRI	CBL volume	16 years: WASI (IQ)	PT born adolescents with cerebral injury on  neonatal HUS had significantly lower IQ than  the two other groups. In PT born adolescents with cerebral injury on  neonatal HUS, larger CBL volume was  significantly associated with higher IQ.
Nosarti [39]	Prospective  cohort	207 PT≤33 w GA  104 term-born controls	Cerebral injury on  HUS only	Follow-up MRI	VBM: CBL GM  and WM  concentration	14–15 years: Various evaluation of:  language, executive  functions, memory,  visual motor  integration. Neuromotor assessment  (in 116 PT and 35  controls)	PT born adolescents had significantly lower  scores on the language and executive function  evaluations. No regional volumetric difference in the CBL  was found to be significantly associated with  the neuromotor or cognitive outcome.
Shah [37]	Prospective  cohort	83 PT ≤32 w GA 13 term-born controls	CBI, cerebral injury	tMRI	CBL volume	2 years: BSID-II: Motor +  cognitive composites	In PT infants, greater CBL volume was  significantly associated with better motor  scores. However, the associations did not  remain significant after adjusting for WMI and  intracranial volume. No significant association was found between  CBL volume and the cognitive composite.
Spittle [40]	Prospective  cohort	83 PT ≤30 w GA	Cerebral injury	tMRI	Cerebellar  transverse  diameter	1 and 3 months: General Movement  assessments	After adjusting for WMI, GA and gender, smaller  CBL transverse diameter was significantly  associated with abnormal General Movement  score at 3 months.
Taylor [38]	Prospective  cohort	37 PT ≤750 g, 35 PT  750–1,499 g, 36  term-born controls	Cerebral injury on  HUS	Follow-up MRI	CBL volume	16 years: Various evaluations of:  IQ, language,  memory, perceptual-  motor organization  and executive func-  tions	In PT born adolescents, greater CBLWM  volume was significantly associated with  better total IQ, memory, executive functions  and perceptual motor skills but not with  language ability. In PT born adolescents, greater CBL GM volume  was significantly associated with better  executive functions.

CBCL Child Behavior Checklist, CBI cerebellar injury, CBL cerebellum, FTF Five to Fifteen questionnaire, GA gestational age, GM gray matter, GMFCS Gross Motor Function Classification System, HUS head ultra sound, NEPSY-II Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment, PT preterm, ptMRI preterm MRI, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, tMRI term or term-equivalent MRI, VBM Voxel Base Morphometry, w week, WASI Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, WM white matter