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. 2015 Sep 3;2015:464570. doi: 10.1155/2015/464570

Table 5.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival.

Characteristics N Univariatea Multivariate
HR 95% CI P value HR 95% CI P value
Low-volume surgeon 451b 1.000     1.000    
High-volume surgeon 321 0.495 0.35–0.69 <0.001 0.731 0.51–1.04 0.09
Age in years       <0.001     <0.001
 <50 41 1.000     1.000    
 50–75 494 1.068 0.58–1.98   1.110 0.82–1.77  
 >75 237 2.426 1.30–4.52   1.578 1.45–1.76  
ASA-classification [16]       <0.001     0.01
 1 158 1.000     1.000    
 2 410 1.384 0.92–2.08   1.340 0.83–2.16  
 3 181 2.726 1.78–4.17   1.973 1.16–3.36  
 4 25 5.398 3.07–9.49   3.136 1.54–6.41  
Comorbidity 523 1.509 1.13–2.01 <0.001 1.089 0.71–1.68 0.70
Cardiac 155 1.569 1.17–2.11 <0.001 1.190 0.79–1.79 0.40
Vascular 244 1.427 1.10–1.86 <0.001 1.084 0.78–1.52 0.64
Neurologic 56 1.663 1.09–2.54 0.02 1.190 0.92–2.41 0.10
Urogenital 66 1.749 1.20–2.54 <0.001 1.215 0.78–1.89 0.39
Open surgical technique 258 1.000     1.000    
Laparoscopic 514 0.522 0.41–0.67 <0.001 0.595 0.43–0.83 <0.001
No conversion 400 1.000     1.000    
Conversion (laparoscopy only) 114 1.510 1.10–2.08 0.01 1.418 0.93–2.16 0.10
Blood loss intraoperatively 772 1.001 1.00–1.01 <0.001 1.000 1.00–1.00 0.63
Tumor stagec       <0.001     0.67
 1 50 1.000     1.000    
 2 156 1.235 0.57–2.66   1.507 0.64–3.58  
 3 495 1.999 0.98–2.66   1.435 0.64–3.23  
 4 60 4.956 2.30–10.7   1.952 0.78–4.88  
Nodal stagec       <0.001     <0.001
 0 445 1.000     1.000    
 1 218 2.262 1.68–3.04   1.959 1.34–2.87  
 2 108 4.997 3.61–6.92   3.091 1.77–5.40  
 3 1 14.03 1.94–101   5.660 0.65–49.6  
Metastatic stagec       <0.001     <0.001
 0 695 1.000     1.000    
 1 77 5.020 3.73–6.76   3.883 1.34–2.87  
Number of positive lymph nodes 772 1.134 1.11–1.16 <0.001 1.042 0.99–1.10 0.13
Resection margins       <0.001     0.08
 Complete resection (R0) 742 1.000     1.000    
 Microscopically irradical (R1) 19 3.520 2.05–6.05   2.294 1.08–4.89  
 Macroscopically irradical (R2) 11 4.153 2.12–8.12   1.798 0.71–4.53  
No adverse event 665 1.000     1.000    
Adverse event 107 1.938 1.42–2.65 <0.001 1.129 0.70–1.82 0.62
No adjuvant chemotherapy 554 1.000     1.000    
Adjuvant chemotherapy 218 1.517 1.17–2.98 <0.001 1.174 0.79–1.74 0.43

aOnly significant factors listed; b3 low-volume patients lost to follow-up; caccording to the AJCC TNM-staging system [17].