Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in HCAP patients treated with vancomycin or linezolid
| Overall | Linezolid | Vancomycin | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 1211 | 265 | 946 | N/A |
| Year of hospitalization, n (%) | ||||
| 2001–2004 | 541 (44.7) | 153 (57.7) | 388 (41.0) | <0.0001 |
| 2005–2007 | 670 (55.3) | 112 (42.3) | 558 (59.0) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 76 (70–80) | 76 (70–80) | 76 (70–81) | 0.892 |
| Male, n (%) | 1189 (98.2) | 259 (97.7) | 930 (98.3) | 0.537 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 961 (79.4) | 225 (84.9) | 736 (77.8) | 0.033 |
| Black | 188 (15.5) | 32 (12.1) | 156 (16.5) | |
| Other | 62 (5.1) | 8 (3.0) | 54 (5.7) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 159 (13.1) | 10 (3.8) | 149 (15.7) | <0.0001 |
| VHA priority group, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 280 (23.1) | 45 (17.0) | 235 (24.8) | 0.019 |
| 2–6 | 859 (70.9) | 200 (75.5) | 659 (69.7) | |
| 7–8 | 72 (6.0) | 20 (7.5) | 52 (5.5) | |
| HCAP risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Hospitalization within 90 days | 941 (77.7) | 191 (72.1) | 750 (79.3) | 0.013 |
| Nursing home resident within 90 days | 36 (3.0) | 7 (2.6) | 29 (3.1) | 0.719 |
| Hemodialysis | 514 (42.4) | 112 (42.3) | 402 (42.5) | 0.947 |
| Outpatient IV antibiotics within 90 days | 152 (12.6) | 22 (8.3) | 130 (13.7) | 0.018 |
| >1 HCAP risk factor, n (%) | 384 (31.1) | 62 (23.4) | 322 (34.0) | 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2.5–5.5) | 4 (2-6) | 0.233 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 121 (10.0) | 34 (12.8) | 87 (9.2) | 0.081 |
| Heart failure | 381 (31.5) | 103 (38.8) | 278 (29.4) | 0.003 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 302 (24.9) | 59 (22.3) | 243 (25.7) | 0.255 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 614 (50.7) | 164 (61.9) | 450 (47.6) | <0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 16 (1.3) | 1 (0.4) | 15 (1.6) | 0.128 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 523 (43.2) | 114 (43.0) | 409 (43.2) | 0.950 |
| Diabetes | 442 (41.6) | 90 (39.0) | 352 (42.2) | 0.376 |
| Neoplastic disease | 433 (35.8) | 92 (34.7) | 341 (36.0) | 0.690 |
| HIV/AIDS | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 0.880 |
| Substance abuse or dependence, n (%) | ||||
| Tobacco use | 401 (33.1) | 100 (37.7) | 301 (31.8) | 0.070 |
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 49 (4.0) | 11 (4.2) | 38 (4.0) | 0.922 |
| Medication use within 90 days, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular medications | 796 (65.7) | 196 (74.0) | 600 (63.4) | 0.001 |
| Anti-diabetic medications | 309 (25.5) | 78 (29.4) | 231 (24.4) | 0.098 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 236 (19.5) | 67 (25.3) | 169 (17.9) | 0.007 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 321 (26.5) | 87 (32.8) | 234 (24.7) | 0.008 |
| Pulmonary medications | 431 (35.6) | 123 (46.4) | 308 (32.6) | <0.0001 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 24 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 21 (2.2) | 0.262 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | 266 (22.0) | 45 (17.0) | 221 (23.4) | 0.027 |
| Pathogens with a prevalence ≥1 %, n (%) | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 87 (7.2) | 4 (1.5) | 83 (8.8) | 0.019 |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 66 (5.5) | 5 (1.9) | 61 (5.0) | 0.004 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 32 (2.6) | 8 (3.0) | 24 (2.5) | 0.005 |
| Pseudomonas | 55 (4.5) | 7 (2.6) | 48 (5.1) | 0.569 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 16 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (1.7) | 0.152 |
HCAP healthcare-associated pneumonia
aItalics indicates statistical significance