Table 2. Physical activity levels throughout the study.
| Baseline at 14 weeks | End of program at 28 weeks | Follow-up at 36 weeks | ANOVA result | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or n (%) | Exercise group | Control group | Exercise group | Control group | Exercise group | Control group | P-value for interaction |
| Accelerometry, n | 23 | 22 | 20 | 17 | 18 | 16 | - |
| MVPA in bouts, min/d | 19.9 ± 15.0 | 16.8 ± 17.6 | 25.4 ± 20.4 | 11.7 ± 9.5 | 18.9 ± 14.1 | 9.5 ± 9.8 | 0.064 a |
| Counts per day (n x 104) | 22.0 ± 6.7 | 21.8 ± 7.3 | 22.8 ± 8.3 | 19.2 ± 4.5 | 20.1 ± 6.2 | 15.8 ± 5.2 | 0.023 |
| Steps per day | 5587 ± 1472 | 5984 ± 1806 | 5598 ± 2094 | 5298 ± 1252 | 4947 ± 1349 | 4006 ± 1157 | 0.028 |
| Self-reported PA, n | 25 | 25 | 23 | 22 | 23 | 22 | - |
| Total energy expenditure, METs·h/wk | 194.6 ± 71.2 | 226.0 ± 60.0 | 218.1 ± 67.8 | 207.8 ± 72.6 | 185.0 ± 50.8 | 186.8 ± 83.6 | 0.070 b |
| Energy expenditure by intensity, METs·h/wk | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sedentary | 74.4 ± 27.3 | 79.9 ± 27.3 | 69.1 ± 28.9 | 66.4 ± 30.9 | 62.9 ± 25.3 | 63.5 ± 25.5 | 0.65 c |
| Light | 71.8 ± 46.7 | 86.7 ± 32.5 | 89.7 ± 41.2 | 86.3 ± 35.2 | 73.6 ± 27.7 | 78.7 ± 43.6 | 0.23 |
| Moderate | 46.3 ± 33.7 | 56.8 ± 37.0 | 48.5 ± 30.8 | 54.4 ± 45.1 | 41.6 ± 25.3 | 43.8 ± 37.9 | 0.64 |
| Vigorous | 2.2 ± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 8.0 | 10.7 ± 7.1 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | 6.9 ± 5.9 | 0.8 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
| Energy expenditure by type, METs·h/wk | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Household and care giving | 71.7 ± 61.5 | 91.7 ± 55.4 | 82.5 ± 52.8 | 86.7 ± 60.4 | 75.3 ± 43.4 | 86.2 ± 76.8 | 0.39 |
| Occupational activity | 55.6 ± 41.4 | 62.3 ± 43.2 | 62.1 ± 47.3 | 48.8 ± 55.4 | 39.7 ± 39.9 | 27.7 ± 39.1 | 0.21 d |
| Sports and exercise | 10.2 ± 8.625 | 8.6 ± 9.9 | 22.4 ± 13.2 | 8.4 ± 6.2 | 15.5 ± 11.2 | 9.3 ± 7.6 | 0.002 |
| Transportation | 21.6 ± 16.9 | 22.2 ± 12.9 | 23.3 ± 15.8 | 25.1 ± 18.4 | 20.4 ± 12.6 | 21.0 ± 16.1 | 0.97 |
MVPA = moderate and vigorous physical activity; PA = physical activity
asignificant group effect, p = 0.014; values significantly higher in the exercise vs control group at all time
bsignificant time effect, p = 0.028; values significantly lower at time 3 compared with time 2 in both groups (adjusted p = 0.027)
csignificant time effect, p = 0.012; values significantly lower at time 3 compared with time 1 in both groups (adjusted p = 0.012)
dsignificant time effect, p = 0.007; values significantly lower at time 3 vs time 1 and time 2 in both groups (adjusted p = 0.001 and p = 0.010).