Table 4.
Significant indirect effects of developmentally antecedent variables on age 14 BPD symptom severity and change in BPD symptoms between ages 14 and 17
| BPD Outcome | Direct Predictor of BPD | Indirect Pathway | Std. β | S. E. | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 14 BPD symptom severity (Intercept) | ← Harsh punishment Age 10 (Intercept) | ← Harsh punishment Wave 1 | 0.046 | 0.011 | < .001 |
| ← Harsh punishment Age 10 (Intercept) | ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.012 | 0.006 | 0.041 | |
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| |||||
| ← Harsh punishment Age 10–14 (Slope) | ← Harsh punishment Wave 1 | 0.046 | 0.011 | < .001 | |
| ← Harsh punishment Age 10–14 (Slope) | ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.028 | 0.01 | 0.004 | |
|
| |||||
| ← Poor self-control Age 10 (Intercept) | ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.059 | 0.014 | < .001 | |
|
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| ← Poor self-control Age 10–12 (Slope) | ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.073 | 0.023 | 0.001 | |
| ← Poor self-control Age 10–12 (Slope) | ← Harsh punishment Age 10 (Intercept) | 0.064 | 0.027 | 0.018 | |
| ← Poor self-control Age 10–12 (Slope) | ← Harsh punishment Age 10 (Intercept) ← Harsh punishment Wave 1 | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.02 | |
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| ← Negative emotionality Age 11 | ← Negative emotionality Wave 1 | 0.049 | 0.014 | < .001 | |
| ← Negative emotionality Age 11 | ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
| ← Negative emotionality Age 11 | ← Poor self-control Age 10 (Intercept) | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.025 | |
| ← Negative emotionality Age 11 | ← Poor self-control Age 10 (Intercept) ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.037 | |
|
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| ← Poor self-control Age 12–14 (Slope) | ← Negative emotionality Age 11 ← Negative emotionality Wave 1 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.033 | |
| ← Poor self-control Age 12–14 (Slope) | ← Negative emotionality Age 11 ← Poor self-control Wave 1 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.047 | |
|
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| Change in BPD symptom severity between ages 14 and 17 (Slope) | ← Poor self-control Age 12–14 (Slope) | ← Negative Emotionality Age 11 | −0.01 | 0.005 | 0.042 |
| ← Poor self-control Age 12–14 (Slope) | ← Negative Emotionality Age 11 ← Negative Emotionality Wave 1 | −0.004 | 0.002 | 0.043 | |
Note. Parameter estimates reflect the product of the standardized effects of one or more predictors (Indirect Pathway) on BPD symptomatology (BPD Outcome) via a direct predictor of BPD, as indicated by the arrows. Wave 1 refers to the first wave of data collection, which occurred between ages 5 and 8, depending on the cohort.