Table 5.
Parameter estimates from bivariate main effect and interaction models of past-year gambling involvement and disorder and local area disadvantage.
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects model | Interaction model | Main effects model | Interaction model | |||
| Parameter | estimate | estimate | 90% CI | estimate | estimate | 90% CI |
| Any gambling | ||||||
| ac | .16 | .17 | .04, .29 | .19 | .21 | .07, .35 |
| ec | .02 | .01 | -.06, .07 | .01 | .03 | -.03, .08 |
| au | .69 | .68 | .61, .75 | .66 | .65 | .58, .72 |
| eu | .69 | .69 | .64, .73 | .71 | .71 | .67, .74 |
| ac′ | -- | -.06 | -.19, .07 | -- | -.11 | -.22, .00 |
| ec′ | -- | .06 | -.02, .15 | -- | -.01 | -.07, .06 |
| au′ | -- | .04 | -.03, .12 | -- | .00 | -.07, .07 |
| eu′ | -- | .02 | -.04, .07 | -- | .04 | -.01, .08 |
| Electronic gambling machines | ||||||
| ac | .26 | .26 | .12, .40 | .27 | .28 | .13, .42 |
| ec | .03 | .02 | -.05, .09 | .04 | .05 | .01, .10 |
| au | .75 | .74 | .66, .82 | .67 | .66 | .59, .73 |
| eu | .73 | .73 | .68, .77 | .58 | .57 | .54, .60 |
| ac′ | -- | .02 | -.13, .16 | .04 | -.08, .16 | |
| ec′ | -- | .01 | -.10, .11 | -.06 | -.12, .01 | |
| au′ | -- | .09 | .01, 17 | .04 | -.02, .11 | |
| eu′ | -- | .06 | -.01, .12 | .15 | .10, .19 | |
| Disordered gambling | ||||||
| ac | .05 | .63 | -.01, 1.0 | .16 | .16 | .05, .27 |
| ec | .09 | .04 | -.05, .12 | .05 | .07 | .02, .12 |
| au | .69 | .13 | -1.0, 1.0 | .57 | .57 | .51, .62 |
| eu | .80 | .76 | .70, .81 | .68 | .68 | .64, .71 |
| ac′ | -- | .06 | -2.0, 2.1 | -- | -.02 | -.12, .08 |
| ec′ | -- | .06 | -.06, .19 | -- | -.03 | -.09, .03 |
| au′ | -- | -.35 | -.71, .02 | -- | .06 | .01, .12 |
| eu′ | -- | .04 | -.02, .09 | -- | .05 | .01, .09 |
Note: The parameters listed in the first column correspond to eight of the ten paths depicted in Figure 1 (paths specific to local area disadvantage [ad, cd, and ed] are not shown). CI = confidence interval. Estimates in bold are significantly greater than zero at p < .05, underlined estimates are significantly greater than zero at p < .10. Ninety-percent confidence intervals are presented for the interaction models to indicate the precision of the estimates.