Table 1.
The clinical and demographic characteristics of the whole sample. We reported the monthly individual and group CRS-R scores ± SD (the CRS-R was daily administered for 30 consecutive days before protocol enrollment), with the unpaired t-test values. The MCS patients who ameliorated at the auditory function (n. 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10) at T post following the real_protocol are marked in bold.
| DOC | Gender | Etiology | Age | BI | MRI | CRS-R | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | A | V | M | OM | C | Ar | ||||||
| MCS (n = 10) | F | A | 72 | 6 | WMH | 19 ± 1.5 | 4 ± .6 | 4 ± 1.5 | 5 ± 1.3 | 2 ± .7 | 1 | 3 ± .7 |
| M | T | 51 | 18 | WMH, RBG_h | 18 ± .9 | 3 ± .7 | 3 ± 1.1 | 7 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.4 | 1 | 3 ± .7 | |
| F | A | 66 | 9 | WMH | 11 ± .8 | 1 ± 1.1 | 3 ± .8 | 2 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.2 | 1 | 3 ± .8 | |
| F | T | 70 | 22 | LFb_h | 15 ± 1 | 3 ± .6 | 2 ± .7 | 5 ± 1.6 | 2 ± 1.6 | 1 | 2 ± .9 | |
| M | T | 33 | 8 | multiple_h | 14 ± 1 | 2 ± 1.4 | 2 ± 1 | 5 ± 1.6 | 2 ± .9 | 1 | 2 ± .7 | |
| F | A | 41 | 15 | WMH | 11 ± 1 | 1 ± .8 | 1 ± 1.3 | 3 ± 1.5 | 2 ± 1.6 | 1 | 3 ± 1 | |
| M | T | 35 | 16 | WMH, R B G_h | 11 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.2 | 1 ± 1.3 | 3 ± .7 | 2 ± 1.6 | 1 | 3 ± .7 | |
| F | A | 29 | 17 | WMH | 11 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.2 | 1 ± 1.7 | 3 ± .7 | 2 ± 1.6 | 1 | 3 ± .8 | |
| M | T | 23 | 18 | WMH, LBG_h | 12 ± 1 | 2 ± 1.3 | 1 ± 1.5 | 3 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.1 | 1 | 3 ± .9 | |
| F | A | 47 | 14 | WMH | 11.9 ± 1 | 11.4 | 3 ± 1.5 | 2 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.3 | 1 | 3 ± .9 | |
| mean ± SD | 47 ± 18 | 14 ± 5 | 24 ± .8 | 4 ± 1.1 | 4 ± 1.1 | 5 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± .4 | 1 | 3 ± .4 | |||
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| UWS (n = 10) | M | A | 53 | 8 | WMH | 5 ± .4 | 1 ± .4 | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 1.5 | 1 ± 1.2 | 0 | 1 ± 1.1 |
| F | T | 26 | 3 | DAI, SAH | 4 ± .5 | 1 ± .5 | 1 ± 1.6 | 1 ± 1.8 | 0 ± 1 | 0 | 1 ± 1.1 | |
| F | T | 56 | 8 | RFP_h | 6 ± .9 | 0 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.4 | 2 ± 1.2 | 1 ± .7 | 0 | 1 ± .8 | |
| F | A | 62 | 11 | WMH | 6 ± .9 | 1 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.5 | 2 ± 1.5 | 0 ± 1.7 | 0 | 2 ± .8 | |
| M | T | 51 | 9 | SAH | 4 ± .5 | 1 ± .9 | 1 ± 1.6 | 1 ± 1.4 | 0 ± 1.2 | 0 | 1 ± .9 | |
| M | A | 69 | 11 | WMH | 7 ± .8 | 1 ± .5 | 1 ± 1.9 | 2 ± 1 | 1 ± .9 | 0 | 2 ± 1.2 | |
| F | T | 74 | 12 | DAI, SAH | 6 ± .9 | 1 ± .8 | 2 ± 1.7 | 1 ± 1 | 0 ± 1.9 | 0 | 2 ± 1.6 | |
| M | A | 69 | 13 | WMH | 7 ± 1 | 1 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.2 | 2 ± .9 | 0 ± 1.3 | 0 | 2 ± 1.6 | |
| F | T | 44 | 14 | DAI, SAH | 7 ± 1 | 1 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.7 | 2 ± 1.3 | 0 ± 1.8 | 0 | 2 ± .9 | |
| F | T | 52 | 15 | RFT_h | 7 ± 1 | 1 ± .9 | 2 ± .9 | 2 ± 1.3 | 0 ± 1 | 0 | 2 ± 1.6 | |
| mean ± SD | 56 ± 14 | 10 ± 4 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± .3 | 1.5 ± .5 | 1.6 ± .5 | 0.3 ± .4 | 0 | 1.6 ± .5 | |||
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| Unpaired t-test | NS | NS | NS | 0.03 | NS | <0.001 | 0.02 | NS | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age in years; BI: brain injury onset in months; CRS-R: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised including auditory (A), visual (V), motor (M), oromotor (OM), communication domain (C), and arousal induction (Ar); etiology: A, postanoxic; T, posttraumatic brain injury; MRI: structural patterns including WMH (white matter hyperintensity), _h (hemorrhagic lesion), RFP (right frontopolar), RBG (basal ganglia), LFb (left frontobasal), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), and DAI (diffuse axonal injury); SD: standard deviation.