Table 1.
Comparison of methods for CSC/TIC isolation
| Putative markers examined | Isolation method | Cell selection method | Cell lines/specimens examined | Examined CSC/TIC criteria | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABCG2, CD90, CD105, CD133, EpCAM | ALDH1 | Flow cytometry | Renal: ACHN, KRC/Y | Sphere formation assay, drug sensitivity assay, in-vivo tumorigenicity | Ueda et al., 2013 [45] |
| Not examined | ALDH1 | Flow cytometry | Ovary: AMOC-2, HUOA, OVCAR-3, ES-2, RMG-1, TOV-21G | Sphere formation assay, in-vivo tumorigenicity, invasion assay | Kuroda et al., 2013 [62] |
| ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 | Hoechst 33342 | Flow cytometry | Renal: 769P, 786-O, OS-RC-2, SN12C, SKRC39 | Drug sensitivity assay, clone formation, in-vivo tumorigenicity | Huang et al., 2013 [47] |
| Sox-2, POU5F1, Cdh1, Cdh2, Snai1, Snai2, Twist1, Twist2 | Hoechst 33342 | Flow cytometry | Renal: RENCA, ACHN, CAKI-1, SMKT-R2, SMKT-R3 | In-vivo tumorigenicity | Nishizawa et al., 2012 [23] |
| CD3, CD4, CD8, CD24, CD44 | Rhodamine | Flow cytometry | Renal: 786-O | Colony formation assay, radiation sensitivity assay, in-vivo tumorigenicity | Lu et al., 2013 [21] |
| CD24, CD44, CD31, CD146, CD90, CD73, CD29, CK7, CD133, Vimentin, Musashi, Nanog, Pax2, Oct-4 | CD105-based cell selection | Magnetic-activated cell sorting | Renal carcinoma specimens | Sphere formation assay, in-vivo tumorigenicity | Bussolati et al., 2008 [2] |
| CD34, CD45, CD14, CD44, CD29, CD73, CD105, Pax2, CD117, Cytokeratin, Vimentin, E-cadherin | CD133-based cell selection | Magnetic-activated cell sorting | Renal carcinoma specimens | In-vivo tumorigenicity | Bruno et al., 2006 [8] |
| CD24, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD146, CXCR1, CD34, CD90, CD105, CD133, ALDH1, CD117, CXCR4, Nanog, POU5F1, Sox-2, Cytokeratin, Vimentin | CXCR4-based cell selection | Flow cytometry | Renal: RCC-26, RCC-53, SK-RC-17 | In-vivo tumorigenicity, sphere formation assay, drug sensitivity assay | Gassenmaier et al., 2013 [14] |
| CD44, CD24, Sca1, Oct-4, Wnt, ABC white 2, β-Catenin, | Encapsulation of tumor colony | Cell recovery from 3D culture inside macrobeads | Renal: RENCA | Not examined | Smith et al., 2011 [66] |
| Breast: MMT, K12, MCF7 | |||||
| Uterus: JEG-3 | |||||
| Prostate: DU145 | |||||
| Colon: HCT116 | |||||
| Bladder: J82 | |||||
| Oct-4 | Encapsulation of tumor colony | Cell recovery from 3D culture inside macrobeads | Renal (mice): RENCA | Chemotherapy sensitivity assay, in-vivo tumorigenicity | Gazda et al., 2013 [84] |
| CD133, CD34, CD24, CD14, CD105, CD45, Oct-3/4, Nanog, Sox-2, E-cadherin, VEGF R2/KDR/Flk1, HGC | CTR2+/CD133+/CD24+ cell selection | Flow cytometry | ccRCC specimens | In-vivo tumorigenicity, chemotherapy sensitivity assay, cell cloning and differentiation assay | Galleggiante et al., 2014 [9] |
| Oct-3/4, Nanog, Pax-2 | ALDH1 | Flow cytometry | Renal carcinoma specimens | In-vivo tumorigenicity, sphere formation assay, drug sensitivity assay | Wang et al., 2015 [63] |
| Renal: ACHN, CAKI-2 |
ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase, ccRCC clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CSC cancer stem cell, TIC tumor initiating cell, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor