Table 1.
Number of women with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (cases include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome or eclampsia), median (25th, 75th) urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations (μg/g creatinine), and mean (SD) systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mm Hg) at <20 weeks pregnancy according to covariates among HOME Study women*
| Demographic or Perinatal Characteristic | Cases | N (%)a | MEP | MBzP | MCPP | ∑DBP | ∑DEHP | SBP | DBP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 34 | 369 (9) | 132 (70, 285) | 9 (5.4, 16) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.3) | 31 (22, 45) | 83 (53, 159) | 110 (13) | 66 (10) |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 14 | 230 (6) | 127 (64, 247) | 8.2 (5, 14) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.4) | 31 (22, 44) | 98 (59, 191) | 111 (12) | 68 (10) |
| Non-White | 20 | 139 (14) | 139 (85, 344) | 11 (6.4, 21) | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 32 (21, 51) | 74 (48, 125) | 109 (13) | 63 (10) |
| Maternal Age at Delivery (years) | |||||||||
| <25 | 12 | 88 (14) | 133 (79, 292) | 13 (7.5, 22) | 2 (1.3, 3.2) | 34 (21, 56) | 66 (47, 124) | 109 (12) | 63 (10) |
| 25- < 35 | 18 | 220 (8) | 132 (65, 284) | 8.3 (4.9, 15) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 30 (20, 43) | 94 (58, 180) | 111 (13) | 67 (10) |
| 35+ | 4 | 61 (7) | 139 (64, 260) | 8 (5.3, 12) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.9) | 34 (26, 45) | 100 (58, 177) | 109 (13) | 70 (9) |
| Maternal Education | |||||||||
| Completed College | 14 | 186 (8) | 126 (55, 254) | 7 (4.8, 12) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 30 (21, 42) | 98 (58, 197) | 111 (13) | 68 (9) |
| Some College | 8 | 94 (9) | 135 (71, 303) | 11 (5.9, 15) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 33 (22, 47) | 80 (58, 148) | 109 (13) | 65 (10) |
| High School or Less | 12 | 89 (13) | 148 (92, 344) | 14 (7.9, 24) | 2 (1.2, 2.8) | 34 (22, 58) | 69 (48, 125) | 111 (12) | 63 (11) |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Married | 18 | 243 (7) | 128 (63, 264) | 8 (5, 13) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 31 (22, 43) | 96 (59, 193) | 110 (13) | 68 (10) |
| Unmarried-Living Together | 8 | 53 (15) | 168 (103, 458) | 11 (6.6, 22) | 1.8 (1.1, 3.2) | 32 (20, 57) | 74 (48, 142) | 112 (12) | 65 (9) |
| Unmarried-Living Alone | 8 | 73 (11) | 131 (75, 285) | 13 (7.4, 22) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) | 34 (21, 54) | 66 (49, 125) | 108 (11) | 62 (10) |
| Household Income | |||||||||
| $80,000+ | 4 | 102 (4) | 119 (64, 247) | 7.2 (4.9, 12) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.3) | 30 (23, 44) | 96 (61, 181) | 109 (13) | 68 (9) |
| $40-80,000 | 14 | 124 (11) | 121 (61, 268) | 7.9 (4.6, 12) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.2) | 31 (20, 40) | 97 (58, 205) | 111 (12) | 68 (9) |
| $20-40,000 | 4 | 63 (6) | 147 (70, 336) | 9.9 (5.6, 15) | 1.7 (1.2, 3.4) | 30 (19, 51) | 84 (46, 156) | 110 (14) | 65 (11) |
| <$20,000 | 12 | 80 (15) | 148 (88, 347) | 15 (9.9, 29) | 2.2 (1.4, 3) | 36 (23, 58) | 73 (48, 115) | 109 (11) | 63 (10) |
| Maternal Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Serum Cotinine (ng/mL) | |||||||||
| None: < <0.015 | 9 | 137 (7) | 111 (56, 264) | 6.9 (4.4, 12) | 2.2 (1.7, 3.2) | 30 (19, 42) | 86 (55, 167) | 111 (13) | 69 (10) |
| Secondhand: 0.015-3 | 21 | 193 (11) | 134 (74, 274) | 11 (6.1, 17) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.3) | 32 (22, 47) | 82 (55, 162) | 110 (12) | 65 (10) |
| Active: >3 | 4 | 39 (10) | 173 (100, 472) | 13 (7.9, 21) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.3) | 36 (23, 54) | 74 (49, 139) | 109 (12) | 61 (10) |
| Maternal BMI at 16 weeks (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| <25 | 6 | 157 (4) | 131 (74, 286) | 8.8 (5.2, 15) | 2.1 (1.6, 3.3) | 31 (23, 43) | 83 (54, 153) | 107 (13) | 65 (11) |
| 25- < 30 | 12 | 120 (10) | 133 (71, 271) | 8.2 (5.1, 13) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.3) | 29 (20, 42) | 87 (48, 175) | 111 (12) | 67 (9) |
| 30+ | 16 | 92 (17) | 139 (66, 328) | 11 (6.3, 21) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.1) | 36 (24, 57) | 81 (58, 150) | 113 (12) | 68 (10) |
| Parity | |||||||||
| 0 | 21 | 166 (13) | 140 (83, 319) | 7.9 (4.9, 15) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.4) | 32 (21, 46) | 97 (53, 167) | 110 (13) | 66 (10) |
| 1 | 4 | 115 (3) | 122 (65, 218) | 11 (6.4, 15) | 2.3 (1.6, 3.3) | 32 (22, 47) | 87 (55, 193) | 111 (11) | 67 (11) |
| 2+ | 9 | 88 (10) | 130 (63, 305) | 10 (5.3, 17) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.8) | 31 (21, 41) | 74 (49, 129) | 110 (13) | 66 (10) |
| Medication for High Blood Pressure | |||||||||
| No | 28 | 349 (8) | 131 (70, 283) | 9.3 (5.4, 16) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.3) | 32 (22, 45) | 86 (52, 162) | 109 (12) | 66 (10) |
| Yes | 6 | 20 (30) | 192 (89, 364) | 8.2 (4.4, 13) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.4) | 30 (22, 50) | 70 (56, 100) | 120 (13) | 76 (13) |
a-Row percent
*∑DBP is the weighted molar sum of MnBP (molecular weight = 222 g/mol) and MiBP (molecular weight = 222 g/mol) concentrations expressed in concentrations of μg/g creatinine. We multiplied the molar sum (μmol/g creatinine) of MnBP and MiBP by the molecular weight of MnBP (222 g/mol). ∑DEHP is the weighted molar sum of MEHP (molecular weight = 272), MEHHP (molecular weight = 294), MEOHP (molecular weight = 292), and MECPP (molecular weight = 308) concentrations expressed in concentrations of μg/g creatinine. We multiplied the molar sum (μmol/g creatinine) of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP by the molecular weight of MECPP (308 g/mol)
The phthalate concentrations are the average of the two log10-transformed concentrations from 16 and 26 weeks gestation