Table 1.
Cases from literature review | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case IDa | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18~45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
Gender | M | F | M | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | M | M | F | F | F | M | M | NS | F | M | F | M | M | F | F | |
Genomic defectb | Trans | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Dup | Nonsense | Fx | Nonsense | Fx | Fx | Nonsense | Fx | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | ||
Height (age) | 117 cm (7.5 y) | 84 cm (2 y 11 m) | 1.59 cm (46 y) | 44.5 cm (at birth) | 66.8 cm (9 M) | 152 cm (18 y) | 124 cm (8 y 9 m) | 112 cm (9.5 y) | 10th (3 y 3 m) | 3–10th (4 y 11 m) | 3-10th (3 y 5 m) | <3rd (7 y 3 m) | <3rd (12 y 8 m) | 10–25th (4 y) | 25–50th (6 y 3 m) | 50th (17 y) | <3rd (20 y) | 11 % (3/27) <−2.5SD | NS | NS | NS | 52 cm (50th ) | 89.2 cm (2 y 9 m) | 48 cm (at birth) | 64 cm (10 m) | |
Z-score | −1.8 | −2.5 | −3.5 | <−2.0 | −2 | −1.65 | −2 | −4 | −1.2 | −1.5 | −1.5 | −2 | −2 | −1.2 | −0.6 | 0 | −2 | −1.5 | −3.5 | −2.6 | 0 | −1.34 | −1.65 | −2.7 | ||
OFC (age) | +1.4 SD | −0.7 SD | −0.75 SD | NA | Z=0 | 25–50th | Z=0 | −2.5 SD | 10–25th | <3rd | 50th | 25–50th | 25–50th | 75th | 75th | >97th | <3rd | 0 % (0/27) <−2.5SD | NS | Z=−0.75 | NS | 75th | 46.2 cm | 31 cm | Z=−4.3 | |
DD/ID | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 89 % (25/28) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
ACC | + | NA | NA | NA | Partial | Partial | + | + | + | NA | NA | + | NA | 36 % (9/25) | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | + | ||||||
Hypotonia | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 85 % (23/27) | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | + | NS | |||
Seizure | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | 20 % (5/20) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | |||||||||||
ASD | + | + | + | + | NS | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||||
Language impairment | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 100 % (28/28) | + | + | + | + | NS | + | + | |
Malformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coarse facial | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | NS | + | + | + | ||
Low hair line | + | NS | NS | + | NS | + | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 64 % (18/28) | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
Hypertrichosis | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | 93 % (26/28) | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||||||||||
Ear | + | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 50 % (14/28) | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | |
Eye | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | + | NS | 65 % (17/26) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Nose | + | NS | + | + | NS | + | NS | + | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | 52 % (14/27) | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | |
Mouth/lips/palate | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | + | 78 % (21/27) | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | ||
Skeletal | NS | + | + | NS | NS | + | NS | + | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | 17 % (2/12) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Limb/extremeties | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | + | >75 % | + | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | + | |
Cases from literature review | Cases from decipher database | Our cases from microarray and sequence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case ID | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
Gender | M | F | M | M | M | M | M | M | M | F | 0 | 0 | M | F | F | NS | NS | M | M | M | F | M | M | F | F | |
Genomic defect | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Fx | Nonsense | Nonsense | Fx | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Del | Dup | Del | Del | Dup | Missense | Missense | Missense | Missense | |
Height (age) | 69.5 cm (10 m) | 66 cm (9 m) | 63.5 cm (7 m) | 162 cm (16 y 6 m) | 47 cm (14 days) | 55.5 cm (at birth) | 46.6 cm (3 m) | 2/5 has short stature | Short stature | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | <3rd | 3rd | −3 SD (12 y 8 m) | −3 SD (3 y 6 m) | −3 SD (3 y 2 m) | −2 SD (9 y 8 m) | −2 SD (8 y 9 m) | |||||
Z-score | −1.56 | −2.0 | −2.0 | −1.7 | <−1.65 | −1.65 | <−3.0 | −2 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | −2.3 | −2.1 | −2.7 | −2 | −2 | −2 | −2 | ||||||
OFC (age) | Z=−4.5 | Z=0 | Z<−2.0 | 53 cm | Z<−1.65 | Z=1.65 | Z<−3.0 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | NS | NS | NA | 50th | 2nd | 98th | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||
DD/ID | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
ACC | + | + | NS | NS | + | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
Hypotonia | + | + | NS | NS | NS | + | + | 4/5 have hypotonia | NA | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | |||||||||
Seizure | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | 2/5 have seizure | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | |||||||||||
ASD | NS | NS | NS | + | NA | NA | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | + | |||||||
Language impairment | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | + | + | + | |||||
Malformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coarse facial | + | + | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | + | + | |||||||
Low hair line | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | ||||||
Hypertrichosis | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | NS | + | |||||||
Ear | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | 4/5 have abnormal ears | NS | NS | + | + | NS | NS | + | + | NS | |||||||||
Eye | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 1/5 with vision problem | + | NS | + | + | NS | NS | + | + | + | |||||||||
Nose | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | NS | |||||
Mouth/lips/palate | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | |||||
Skeletal | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 3/4 have spinal anomalies | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | + | + | + | + | |||||||||
Limb/extremeties | NS | + | + | + | + | NS | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | NS | NS | + | NS | NS | + | + | + |
a1–8 Halgren et al., 9–17 Hoyer et al., 18–45 Santen et al. (2013), 46-48 santen et al. (2012), 49 Michelson et al., 50–53 Nagamani et al., 54 Pirola et al., 55 Narahara et al., 56–57 Sukumar et al., 58 Hopkin et al., 59 Meng et al., 60–64 Tsurusaki et al., 65–70 from decipher database
bThe following abbreviations are used: F female, M male, OFC occipital-frontal circumference, + present, − absent, NA not analyzed, NS not stated, ACC agenesis of corpus callosum, ASD atrial septum defect, trans translocation, del deletion, dup duplication, fx frameshift