Figure 7.

The average distance traversed in phenotype space, $z*$, as a function of the rate of environmental change ν, when standing genetic variation is the sole source for adaptation. Symbols show results from individual-based simulations (averaged over 100 replicate runs). The solid line gives the analytical prediction (Equation 28), with ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{g}}^2$ taken from Equation 16. The shaded dashed line gives the critical rate of environmental change (Equation 29). Error bars for standard errors are contained within the symbols. Fixed parameters: $N=2500$, ${\sigma }_{\text{m}}^2=\mathrm{0.05.}$