Fig. 2.

Cytokine protein levels in retina. Anti-inflammatory mediators (FGF-2, IL-10, and IL-5) were elevated in 8–10-month DBA/2J mice and often demonstrated an age-dependent decrease (a). A number of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, were also elevated in D8–10 mice; others, such as IL-12 and MIP-1α, were elevated in D3–5, often demonstrating an age-dependent decrease. Error bars depict standard error of the mean. Asterisk indicates that the group has significantly greater levels than bracketed comparison (p < 0.05). b Photomicrographs depicting CTB (first column) and elevated immunostaining for FGF-2 (second column) and GFAP (third column) in representative DBA/2J retina whole mount compared to a D2G. Merged images for all stains are shown in the fourth column. c Photomicrographs of elevated FGF-2 immunostaining in retinal cross sections of representative DBA/2J compared to D2G. Scale bar = 50 μm