Table 3.
Multilevel Logistic Regression Models Predicting Treatment Initiation
| Fixed Effects | Entire Sample N = 10,666 |
Whites N = 8,052 |
Latinos N = 1,428 |
Blacks N = 1,179 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | O.R. | 95% CI | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| (ref.: White) | ||||||||
| Latino | 0.94 | (0.82,1.07) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Black | 1.01 | (0.87,1.17) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Female | 1.20** | (1.10,1.32) | 1.23** | (1.11,1.36) | 1.07 | (0.80,1.43) | 1.12 | (0.84,1.50) |
| Age | ||||||||
| (ref. : Ages 36-44) | ||||||||
| 18-25 | 0.94 | (0.84,1.06) | 1.00 | (0.87,1.14) | 0.64* | (0.45,0.91) | 1.00 | (0.67,1.51) |
| 26-35 | 0.98 | (0.87,1.09) | 1.00 | (0.88,1.14) | 0.73* | (0.53,0.99) | 1.09 | (0.77,1.55) |
| 45+ | 1.04 | (0.92,1.18) | 1.00 | (0.87,1.14) | 1.08 | (0.72,1.61) | 1.35 | (0.95,1.91) |
| Married | 1.11 | (0.98,1.24) | 1.08 | (0.94,1.24) | 1.18 | (0.83,1.66) | 1.70* | (1.12,2.56) |
| Referral Source | ||||||||
| (ref.: self/family) | ||||||||
| Health Professional | 0.92 | (0.80,1.06) | 0.89 | (0.76,1.04) | 0.90 | (0.57,1.43) | 1.25 | (0.75,2.09) |
| Criminal Justice | 0.96 | (0.86,1.08) | 0.93 | (0.81,1.06) | 1.11 | (0.81,1.52) | 1.03 | (0.73,1.44) |
| Substance Abuse Treatment | 1.25** | (1.10,1.42) | 1.18* | (1.02,1.37) | 1.70** | (1.14,2.53) | 1.12 | (0.75,1.67) |
| Other | 1.09 | (0.94,1.27) | 1.02 | (0.86,1.21) | 1.45 | (0.91,2.31) | 1.05 | (0.65,1.69) |
| Education | ||||||||
| (ref: not high school graduate) | ||||||||
| High school graduate | --- | --- | 1.03 | (0.91,1.15) | 1.15 | (0.90,1.46) | 0.92 | (0.69,1.21) |
| More than high school | --- | --- | 1.20* | (1.04,1.38) | 1.47 | (0.95,2.29) | 1.03 | (0.71,1.50) |
| Homeless | --- | --- | 0.94 | (0.78,1.13) | 0.79 | (0.51,1.22) | 1.39 | (0.94,2.06) |
| Employed | --- | --- | 0.89* | (0.80,0.98) | 0.94 | (0.72,1.22) | 0.79 | (0.59,1.06) |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| (Ref. : None) | ||||||||
| Public | --- | --- | 0.93 | (0.83,1.04) | 0.79 | (0.60,1.04) | 1.04 | (0.77,1.40) |
| Private/Other | --- | --- | 0.93 | (0.82,1.06) | 0.85 | (0.57,1.27) | 0.83 | (0.55,1.27) |
| Prior mental health treatment | 0.97 | (0.89,1.06) | 0.96 | (0.87,1.06) | 1.09 | (0.84,1.41) | 0.83 | (0.62,1.10) |
|
Prior year substance abuse
treatment |
1.25** | (1.09,1.43) | 1.21* | (1.03,1.41) | 1.22 | (0.80,1.86) | 1.52 | (0.96,2.39) |
| Substance Use Severity | ||||||||
| Alcohol | 1.02** | (1.01,1.03) | 1.02* | (1.00,1.03) | 1.03 | (1.00,1.06) | 1.03 | (0.99,1.06) |
| Cocaine | 1.02** | (1.01,1.03) | 1.01* | (1.00,1.03) | 1.02 | (0.99,1.05) | 1.02 | (1.00,1.05) |
| Heroin | 1.00 | (0.99,1.01) | 0.99 | (0.98,1.00) | 1.01 | (0.98,1.03) | 0.98 | (0.95,1.01) |
| Marijuana | 1.00 | (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 | (0.99,1.01) | 1.01 | (0.98,1.03) | 1.00 | (0.97,1.03) |
| Facility-Characteristics | ||||||||
| Provision of MAT | 1.30 | (0.90,1.87) | 1.13 | (0.79,1.62) | 1.36 | (0.79,2.35) | 1.19 | (0.73,1.94) |
|
High Proportion of Latino
Clients in Facility |
0.84 | (0.55,1.26) | 0.75 | (0.50,1.13) | 0.94 | (0.54,1.61) | 0.68 | (0.40,1.14) |
|
High Proportion of Black
Clients in Facility |
1.29 | (0.86,1.95) | 1.07 | (0.71,1.62) | 1.84* | (1.04,3.24) | 1.18 | (0.73,1.90) |
Notes:
*
p < . 05,
**
p < .01